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これ

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Alternative spellings
此れ
(literary)
(literary)
(rare)
(rare)

Etymology

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⟨ko2re⟩/kore/

FromOld Japanese. CompareOkinawanくり(kuri) andNorthern Amami Ōshimaくるぃ(kurï).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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これ (kore

  1. this
    Synonym:(dialectal, Kagoshima)こい
    1. (deictically)this one (near the speaker)
    2. (anaphorically)this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows)
  2. (archaic)I;me
  3. (archaic)you
  4. (literary, calque ofLiterary Chinese,,, etc.)Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject.
    • 1946,日本國憲法 (“The Constitution of Japan”), Article 19:
      ()(そう)(およ)(りょう)(しん)()(ゆう)は、これ(おか)してはならない。
      Shisō oyobi ryōshin no jiyū wa,kore o okashite wa naranai.
      Freedom of thought and conscience shall not be violated.
    • (りょう)(そく)(だい)(きゅう)( じょう)(りょう)(ない)での(のう)(りょく)使()(よう)は、これ(かた)(きん)ずる。
      Ryōsoku dai-kyū jō. Ryōnai de no nōryoku no shiyō wa,kore o kataku kinzuru.
      Dormitory rule number 9: Use of psychic powers in the dormitory is strictly forbidden.
    • c.1300, chapter 5, inHeike Monogatari[1],朝敵揃:
      (さぎ)(はね)つくろひして(たた)んとす。「(せん)()。」と(おほ)すれひらんで(とび)()(これ)(とっ)(まい)たり
      Sagi mo hane-tsukuroi shite tatan to su. “Senji zo.” to ōsureba, hirande tobisarazu.Kore o totte mairi tari.
      Adjusting its feathers, the heron was about to leave. When [he] said, “It’s the emperor’s order”, it prostrated itself without flying away. [He] caughtit and went away.

See also

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Japanesedemonstratives
ko-
“this”
(close to speaker)
so-
“that”
(close to listener)
a-
“that over there”
(far from both)
do-
“which”
(indeterminate, question)
Objectこれ(kore)それ(sore)あれ(are)どれ(dore)
これら(korera)それら(sorera)あれら(arera)
Determinerこの(kono)その(sono)あの(ano)どの(dono)
これら(korera no)それら(sorera no)あれら(arera no)
Kindこんな(konna)そんな(sonna)あんな(anna)どんな(donna)
こういう(kō iu)そういう(sō iu)ああいう(ā iu)どういう(dō iu)
Placeここ(koko)そこ(soko)あそこ(asoko)*どこ(doko)
こっから(kokkara)そっから(sokkara)どっから(dokkara)
Direction / Humanこちら(kochira)そちら(sochira)あちら(achira)どちら(dochira)
こなた(konata)そなた(sonata)あなた(anata)どなた(donata)
Directionこっち(kotchi)そっち(sotchi)あっち(atchi)どっち(dotchi)
Humanこいつ(koitsu)そいつ(soitsu)あいつ(aitsu)どいつ(doitsu)
Mannerこう()そう()ああ(ā)**どう()
Degreeこれくらい(kore kurai)それくらい(sore kurai)あれくらい(are kurai)どれくらい(dore kurai)
これだけ(kore dake)それだけ(sore dake)あれだけ(are dake)どれだけ(dore dake)
これほど(kore hodo)それほど(sore hodo)あれほど(are hodo)どれほど(dore hodo)
* irregular
** regular (long vowel)
† potentially rude or derogatory
The kanji()(ko),()(so),()(a), and()(do) can be used for determiners, but they are almost always spelled in hiragana.
Classical Japanesepronouns anddemonstratives
a-/wa-
“I, we”
(first person)
na-/-ma-
“you, ye, thou”
(second person)
k-
“this”
(close to speaker)
s-
“that”
(close to listener)
a-/ka-
“that over there”
(far from both)
i-/ta-/nani-
“who, what, where, how, when”
(interrogative)
ono-
“oneself”
(reflexive)
Person(a)
あれ(are)
(wa)
われ(ware)
まろ(maro)
(na)
なれ(nare)
なんぢ(nanji)
まし(mashi)
いまし(imashi)
みまし(mimashi)
きみ(kimi)
(ko)
これ(kore)
(so)
それ(sore)
(a)
あれ(are)
(ka)
かれ(kare)
(ta)
たれ(tare)
なにがし(nanigashi)
おの(ono)
おのれ(onore)
Thing(ko)
これ(kore)
(so)
それ(sore)
(a)
あれ(are)
(ka)
かれ(kare)
いづれ(izure)
なに(nani)
Locationここ(koko)そこ(soko)あしこ(ashiko)
かしこ(kashiko)
いづく(izuku)
いづこ(izuko)
いどこ(idoko)
どこ(doko)
Directionこち(kochi)
こなた(konata)
そち(sochi)
そなた(sonata)
あち(achi)
あなた(anata)
かなた(kanata)
いづち(izuchi)
いづら(izura)
いづかた(izukata)
Manner(ka)
かく(kaku)
かくて(kakute)
かう()
(sa)
さて(sate)
しか(shika)
いか(ika)
Timeいつ(itsu)
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