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お前

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
前
まえ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
御前

From御(お)(o,honorific prefix) +前(まえ)(mae,“front”), literally "honourable presence in front of me". Originally a polite pronoun applied to highly respected persons such as emperors or gods.^[1]^[2]

First attested in the early 900s.^[1]

Alternative forms

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(standard Japanese)
- (informal)おめえ(omē)
(dialect)
- おまい(omai),おめえ(omē),おめ(ome),(Nagoya eye dialect)おみゃあ(omyā)
- おまえさん(omae-san)
  - おまいさん(omai-san),おめえさん(omē-san),おめさん(ome-san)
- おまん(oman)

Pronunciation

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(Tokyo)おまえ[òmáé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [o̞ma̠e̞]

Pronoun

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お前(まえ)• (omae) ^{←おまへ(omafe)^?}

[from early 900s](informal, men's speech; or dialect)you
- 1915,Akutagawa Ryūnosuke,羅生門 [Rashōmon]:
  己(おれ)は檢(け)非(び)違(ゐ)使(し)の廳(ちやう)の役(やく)人(にん)などではない。今(いま)し方(がた)この門(もん)の下(した)を通(とほ)りかゝつた旅(たび)の者(もの)だ。だからお前(まえ)に繩(なわ)をかけて、どうしようと云(い)ふやうな事(こと)はない。
  Ore wa kebiishi no chō no yakunin nado de wa nai. Imashigata kono mon no shita o tōrikakatta tabi no mono da. Dakaraomae ni nawa o kakete, dō shiyō to iu yō na koto wa nai.
  I am not an official of law enforcement, but simply a traveller who's happened to come across this gate a few moments ago. I'm not here to bindyou in ropes or any nonsense of the sort.

Usage notes

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Slightly condescending if used by a higher status peer to refer to a lower status peer, very informal between close equal-status peers; (very) impolite in other situations.
In many Japanese dialects, it is rather the standard 2nd-person pronoun, equivalent in usage to standard Japaneseあなた(anata).