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 | This entry needs anaudio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, pleaserecord this word. The recorded pronunciationwill appear here when it's ready. |
Derived in theHeian period from writing theman'yōgana kanji以 in thecursivesōsho style.
| Alternative spelling |
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| え(dated) |
Corruption of emphatic particleよ(yo) or exclamatory particleや(ya).[1]
FromOld Japanese. Possibly cognate withKorean nominal particle이(i).
Used inOld Japanese, still found in use in Chinese works annotated for Japanese readers ofEarly Middle Japanese in the earlyHeian period, then becoming more limited and appearing only in specialized Buddhist texts. Fallen into disuse by the lateHeian period from the time of so-called“cloistered rule”.[2][3]
Obsolete. Not used in modern Japanese.
An extension of use of the-i ending on adjectives.
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | かろ | karo | |
| Continuative (連用形) | く | ku | |
| Terminal (終止形) | い | i | |
| Attributive (連体形) | い | i | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | けれ | kere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | かれ | kare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | くない | ku nai | |
| Informal past | かった | katta | |
| Informal negative past | くなかった | ku nakatta | |
| Formal | いです | i desu | |
| Formal negative | くないです | ku nai desu | |
| Formal past | かったです | katta desu | |
| Formal negative past | くなかったです | ku nakatta desu | |
| Conjunctive | くて | kute | |
| Conditional | ければ | kereba | |
| Provisional | かったら | kattara | |
| Volitional | かろう | karō | |
| Adverbial | く | ku | |
| Degree | さ | sa | |
| For pronunciation and definitions ofい – see the following entries. | ||
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| (This term,い(i), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read asい, seeCategory:Japanese kanji read as い. |
(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet:汝.)
い (i-)