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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "-"

U+2014,—
EM DASH

[U+2013]
General Punctuation
[U+2015]
Character variations

U+FE58,﹘
SMALL EM DASH

[U+FE57]
Small Form Variants
[U+FE59]

U+FE31,︱
PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL EM DASH

[U+FE30]
CJK Compatibility Forms
[U+FE32]

Translingual

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Alternative forms

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Punctuation mark

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(English nameem dash)

  1. Demarcates parenthetical thought. See— —.
    • 1811, [Jane Austen], chapter XV, inSense and Sensibility [], volume I, London: [] C[harles] Roworth, [], and published byT[homas] Egerton, [],→OCLC,pages182–183:
      I have explained it to myself in the most satisfactory way;—but you, Elinor, who love to doubt where you can——It will not satisfyyou I know; but you shall not talkme out of my trust in it.
      A small gap is visible in the double em dash.
    • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:—.
  2. Indicates a logicalconsequence.
    Synonym::
    • 1962, Jack Frohlichstein,Mathematical Fun, Games and Puzzles (in English), Courier Corporation,→ISBN,page 9:
      Bet anyone he can't correctly name the next highest number to every number which you will give him.[]
      43 — he will say 44
      87 — he will say 88
      123 — he will say 124
  3. Indicatesaposiopesis, an abrupt breaking-off inspeech. See also(theellipsis).
  4. Separates aterm from itsdefinition.
    • 2011, Adam Rizvi,Click Start to Begin: Windows XP Basics (in English), Click Start Publishing Ltd.,→ISBN,page22:
      Refresh This will refresh the current folder, updating it with any new files or settings.
  5. Indicates a lack ofdata in atable.[1]
  6. Alternative form of(horizontal bar;quotation dash; introduces a line of dialogue)
  7. Used tocensor letters in obscene words.
    Synonym:
    Dn. [Damn] Fk. [Fuck]
    • 1820, Cruikshank,All among the Hottentots capering to shore[1] (painting; in English):
      D—n the Devil .. he be going to eat me!!! — Rot me if he ain't as bloody minded as aManchester butcher! Oh! dear! Oh! dear!!D—n your outlandish jaws!!
  8. (dated, fiction)Used to replace part or all of a person'sname, a place name, adate, or so forth.[chiefly 19th c.]
    Synonyms:,
    • 1748, a Lady, in a Letter to her Friend in the Country,A Free Comment on the Late Mr. Wgn’s Apology for His Conduct; Which Clears Up the Obscurities of That Celebrated Posthumous Work, and Dissipates the Clouds in Which the Author Has Thought Proper to Envelope His Meaning (in English), London: [] W. Webb, page15:
      I hopeDdsy will look to theſe literal Errors, he being the only one of the Trade I can venture to truſt.
  9. Used as aditto mark in lists or tables to indicate a repetition of appropriate content above.
    Synonym:—〃—
    Coordinate term:
    • 1950, United States Census, New York, page listing Frank Valasky of New York City:
      Valasky, Frank []
      , Edna M []
  10. (music)Apointing mark inAnglican chant, used as aplaceholder in thetext to indicate that abar of thechant should beomitted; typically used when averse or half-verse is veryshort.
    Coordinate terms:|,',:,*,·,,

Derived terms

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Derived terms

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  • (two-em dash)
  • (three-em dash)

See also

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quotation marks andquotation dashes by language (edit)
quotation marks - all matched-pairs
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
  • Curved double quotation marks: · · ·
  • Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: · · ·
  • Straight double quotation mark:"
  • Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe:'
  • Prime quotation marks: · ·
  • Guillemets:« ·»
  • Single guillemets: ·
  • Corner brackets: · · ·
  • Quotation dashes: (em dash) · (horizontal bar) · (en dash)

Punctuation

References

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  1. ^Joan G. Nagle,Handbook for preparing engineering documents: from concept to completion, 1995, p. 114:
    We can use the wordnone orN/D (no data), or insert an em dash; any of these entries show that we haven't simply forgotten to fill the cell.N/A is commonly used fornot applicable. It's good practice to footnote N/A or N/D the first time it is used.

English

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Article

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  1. (Stenoscript)Abbreviation ofthe.

Letter

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  1. (Stenoscript) The letter sequenceth.
  2. (Stenoscript) The sound sequences /(V)nd/, /(V)nt/
  3. (Stenoscript) The suffixes or sequencesmand,mend,mond, and-ment.
    a [amendment]

Usage notes

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  • (Stenoscript) The dash may be written low, along the baseline, or high, at x-height, as convenient for whichever letters it links to. For example, withmo—n for 'more than', the dash is likely to be written at x-height.
  • (Stenoscript) When used as punctuation, an en or em dash is doubled, like a long, to distinguish it from its phonetic use.

Derived terms

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(letter sequenceth):

Russian

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RussianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaru

Punctuation mark

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  1. Indicates thezero copula (omission of the present tense ofбыть(bytʹ)).
    Вре́мяде́ньги.
    Vrémja dénʹgi.
    Time is money.
  2. Used in— —.
  3. Replaces in someappositions, wherehyphen would be used to connect the appositive word and the word in apposition if neither of them were a phrase.
    Не́которыегосуда́рствачле́ныЕСпрепя́тствуютразмеще́ниюбе́женцевнасвое́йтеррито́рии.
    Nékotoryje gosudárstva člény JeS prepjátstvujut razmeščéniju béžencev na svojéj territórii.
    Some EU member states prevent placement of refugees on their territory.

Usage notes

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  • is not used when the subject is a pronoun; e.g.я ру́сский(ja rússkij,I am Russian) or with predicative adjectives.
  • — — is preferred overparentheses when the supplemental information is necessary to understand the writer's point and cannot be dropped.
  • A dash or a hyphen is used in Russian apposition when the first word (or first words) is not aform of address (e.g.товарищ(tovarišč)) and the second word is anappellative.
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