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ἐγώ

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:εγώ

Ancient Greek

first person pronoun^(edit)
case	singular		dual	plural
case	str.	encl.	str.	str.
nominative	ἐγώ		νώ,νῶϊ	ἡμεῖς
genitive	ἐμοῦ	μου	νῷν	ἡμῶν
dative	ἐμοί	μοι	νῷν	ἡμῖν
accusative	ἐμέ	με	νώ,νῶϊ	ἡμᾶς

adjective	ἐμός		νωΐτερος	ἡμέτερος

Alternative forms

ἐγών(egṓn)
ῐ̓ώ(ĭṓ),ῐ̓ών(ĭṓn) —Boeotian
ἔγω(égō) —Aeolic

Etymology

Cf. Homeric Greekἐγών(egṓn). FromProto-Indo-European*eǵóH,*eǵh₂óm. Compare for exampleLatinego,Sanskritअहम्(ahám).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /e.ɡɔ̌ː/ →/eˈɣo/ →/eˈɣo/

(5^thBCE Attic)IPA^(key): /e.ɡɔ̌ː/
(1^stCE Egyptian)IPA^(key): /eˈɡo/
(4^thCE Koine)IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/
(10^thCE Byzantine)IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/
(15^thCE Constantinopolitan)IPA^(key): /eˈɣo/

Pronoun

ἐγώ• (egṓ)(Epic, Attic, Ionic, Thessalian, Koine)

first person singular personal pronoun:I, me, my

Usage notes

ἐγών(egṓn) is used inEpic (mostly before vowels) andDoric (also before consonants).
The dual and plural areνώ(nṓ) andἡμεῖς(hēmeîs).

Declension

Irregular declension ofἐγώ /ἔγωγε‡;ἐμοῦ /μου† /ἐμοῦγε‡ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ /ἔγωγε‡ egṓ /égōge‡
Genitive	ἐμοῦ /μου† /ἐμοῦγε‡ emoû /mou† /emoûge‡
Dative	ἐμοί /μοι† /ἔμοιγε‡ emoí /moi† /émoige‡
Accusative	ἐμέ /με† /ἐμέγε‡ emé /me† /emége‡
Vocative	—
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension ofἐγώ /ἐγών;ἐμεῖο /ἐμέο /ἐμεῦ /μευ† /ἐμέθεν (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ /ἐγών egṓ(n)
Genitive	ἐμεῖο /ἐμέο /ἐμεῦ /μευ† /ἐμέθεν emeîo / eméo / emeû /meu† / eméthen
Dative	ἐμοί /μοι† emoí /moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ /με† emé /me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension ofἐγώ;ἐμέο /ἐμεῦ /μευ† (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ egṓ
Genitive	ἐμέο /ἐμεῦ /μευ† eméo / emeû /meu†
Dative	ἐμοί /μοι† emoí /moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ /με† emé /me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension ofἐγών /ἐγώνγᾱ‡;ἐμέος /ἐμοῦς /ἐμεῦς /ἐμέθεν (Doric)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγών /ἐγώνγᾱ‡ egṓn /egṓngā‡
Genitive	ἐμέος /ἐμοῦς /ἐμεῦς /ἐμέθεν eméos / emoûs / emeûs / eméthen
Dative	ἐμῐ́ν /μοι† /ἐμῐ́νγᾱ‡ emĭ́n /moi† /emĭ́ngā‡
Accusative	ἐμέ /με† emé /me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension ofἔγω;ἔμεθεν /ἐμεῖο /μεθέν (Aeolic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἔγω égō
Genitive	ἔμεθεν /ἐμεῖο /μεθέν émethen / emeîo / methén
Dative	ἔμοι /μοι† émoi /moi†
Accusative	ἔμε /με† éme /me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension ofῐ̓ώ /ῐ̓ών /ῐ̓ώνγᾱ‡ /ῐ̓ώνει‡ /ῐ̓ώγᾱ‡;ἐμοῦς /ἐμῶς /ἐμῐ́ο /ἐμῐ́ω /ἐμῐ́ως (Boeotian)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ῐ̓ώ /ῐ̓ών /ῐ̓ώνγᾱ‡ /ῐ̓ώνει‡ /ῐ̓ώγᾱ‡ ĭṓ / ĭṓn /ĭṓngā‡ /ĭṓnei‡ /ĭṓgā‡
Genitive	ἐμοῦς /ἐμῶς /ἐμῐ́ο /ἐμῐ́ω /ἐμῐ́ως emoûs / emôs / emĭ́o / emĭ́ō / emĭ́ōs
Dative	ἐμοί /μοι† emoí /moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ /με† emé /me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Irregular declension ofἐγώ;ἐμοῦ /μου† (Thessalian)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ἐγώ egṓ
Genitive	ἐμοῦ /μου† emoû /mou†
Dative	ἐμοί /μοι† emoí /moi†
Accusative	ἐμέ /με† emé /me†
Vocative	—
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. ^†enclitic ^‡emphatic

Derived terms

ἐμός(emós)
ἔγωγε(égōge)

Descendants

Greek:εγώ(egó)
Tsakonian:εζού(ezoú)
Italiot Greek:
Greek:εβώ(evó)
Latin:evò
Mariupol Greek:го(ho),эго́(ehó)
Pontic Greek:εγώ(egó)
Yevanic:אֶגֿוֹ(ʾeḡo)
→ Old Sicilian:igù

See also

σύ(sú)
οὗ(hoû)

Ancient Greek personal pronouns
	first	second	third
singular	ἐγώ(egṓ)	σῠ́(sŭ́)	αὐτός(autós), οὗ(hoû), ὅς(hós), ὁ(ho), ὅ(hó), οὗτος(hoûtos), ὅδε(hóde), ἐκεῖνος(ekeînos)
dual	νώ(nṓ)	σφώ(sphṓ)	αὐτώ(autṓ), σφωέ(sphōé), ὥ(hṓ), τώ(tṓ), τούτω(toútō), τώδε(tṓde), ἐκείνω(ekeínō)
plural	ἡμεῖς(hēmeîs)	ῡ̔μεῖς(hūmeîs)	αὐτοί(autoí), σφεῖς(spheîs), οἵ(hoí), οἱ(hoi), οὗτοι(hoûtoi), οἵδε(hoíde), ἐκεῖνοι(ekeînoi)

References

^Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐγω”, inEtymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN, page373

Further reading

“ἐγώ”, inLiddell & Scott (1940),A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἐγώ”, inLiddell & Scott (1889),An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἐγώ”, inAutenrieth, Georg (1891),A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐγώ inBailly, Anatole (1935),Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐγώ in theDiccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
“ἐγώ”, inSlater, William J. (1969),Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1473 inStrong, James (1979),Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910),English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- i idem, page 413.
Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, inA Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company,§ 325
William W. Goodwin,A Greek Grammar. Revised and enlarged, Boston, 1900, p.82f.
ἐγώ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese),University of Chicago, since 2011

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