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ṯw

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:tw,TW,tw.,.tw,andt.w.

Egyptian

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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Tw

 sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

  1. you (see usage notes)

Usage notes

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By the time of Late Egyptian, this pronoun was no longer strictly masculine but common to both genders.

This form of pronoun is anenclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:

  • When it follows a verb, it indicates theobject of the verb.
  • In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms thesubject of an adjectival sentence.
  • When it follows a relative adjective, such asntj,ntt, orjsṯ, it indicates thesubject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
  • When it follows an imperative, it indicates thesubjector theobject of the verb.
  • When it follows a particle likem.k, it indicates thesubject of the clause.
  • When attached to a preposition, it indicates theobject of the preposition.

Inflection

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Old Egyptian personal pronouns
numberfirst personsecond personthird person
masculinefemininemasculinefeminine
suffix pronounssingular,.j
.k,.kj1
.ṯ,.ṯn
.f,.fj1
.s,.sj1
dual.nj
.ṯnj
.snj
plural.n
.ṯn
.sn
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronounssingularw,wj,wy
kw,k,ṯw,
ṯm,ṯn
sw,s
s
dual
ṯnj
snj
pluraln
ṯn
sn
stressed (‘independent’) pronounssingularjnk
ṯwt
ṯmt
swt
stt
dual

ntsnj
plural
ntṯn
ntsn,jntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endingssingular.kj,.k
.tj,.t
,.j
.tj,.t
dual.tjwn
.wy,.wj
.ty
plural.wn,.nw
,.w,.y,.wy
.tj,.t

1 Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.

Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
numberfirst personsecond personthird person
masculinefemininemasculinefeminine
suffix pronounssingular,.j
.k,.kj1
.ṯ,.t
.f,.fj1
.s,.sj1
dual2.nj
.ṯnj,.tnj
.snj
plural.n
.ṯn,.tn
.sn,.w3
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronounssingularwj,w
ṯw,tw
ṯn,tn
sw,st
sj,s,st
pluraln
ṯn,tn
sn,st
stressed (‘independent’) pronounssingularjnk
ntk,ṯwt2
ntṯ,ntt,ṯwt2
ntf,swt2
nts,swt2
pluraljnn3
ntṯn,nttn
ntsn
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endingssingular.kw
.tj,.t,.tw3
,.w
.tj,.t,.tw3
plural.wn,.wjn
.tjwn,.tjwnj
,.w,.y
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3singulartw.j
tw.k
tw.t
sw
sj,st
pluraltw.n
tw.tn
st

1 Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle.
2 Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
3 Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.

Late Egyptian personal pronouns
numberfirst personsecond personthird person
masculinefemininemasculinefeminine
suffix pronounssingular,.j
.k,.kw
.t
.f,.fj
.s,.st,.sw
plural.n
.tn,.twn
.w,.sn1
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1singularwj
tw,tj
sw,st
pluraln,wn
twn
sn,st
stressed (‘independent’) pronounssingularjnk
mntk,mtwk
mntt,mtwy
mntf
mntst,mntjst
pluraljnn
mnttn
mntw
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1singular.kw,.k
.tj,.tw
,.w,.y
.tj,.tw
plural.nw
.tn
,.w,.y
unmarked2,.tw
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronounssingulartw.j
tw.k
tw.t
sw
st,sw
pluraltw.n
tw.tn
st,sw,swt

1 Only in formal texts, especially religious texts.
2 Later form.

Alternative forms

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Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofṯw  
T
W
tw
t
W
tWB1
tii
ṯwtwtwtwtj
[Late Egyptian][Late Egyptian]
when used in reference
to a feminine

Derived terms

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References

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  • James P[eter] Allen (2010),Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,page51.
  • Junge, Friedrich (2005),Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page77
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