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हि

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Awadhi

Etymology

FromSanskritहि(hí).

Postposition

हि (hi)

marks thedative case:to,for
जिन्हाहि ―jinhāhi ―to whom

Khaling

Etymology

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*swiʔ.

Noun

हि (hi)

blood

References

“हि”, inखालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्‍ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International,2016.

Newar

Etymology

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*swiʔ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [hi]

Noun

हि• (hi) ? (Newa Spelling𑐴𑐶)

blood

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

hi(Latin script)
𑀳𑀺(Brahmi script)
হি(Bengali script)
හි(Sinhalese script)
ဟိ orႁိ(Burmese script)
หิ(Thai script)
ᩉᩥ(Tai Tham script)
ຫິ(Lao script)
ហិ(Khmer script)
𑄦𑄨(Chakma script)

Conjunction

हि

Devanagari script form ofhi(“because”)

Adverb

हि

Devanagari script form ofhi(“certainly”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology 1

FromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰey-(“to throw, drive, wound”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic)IPA^(key): /ɦi/
(Classical Sanskrit)IPA^(key): /ɦi/

Root

हि• (hi)

tosend forth,impel,urge on,hasten on
tostimulate orincite to

Related roots

हिंस्(hiṃs)

Derived terms

Primary verbal forms

हि॒नोति॑(hinóti,present)
हे॒ष्यति॑(heṣyáti,future)
हे॒ता(hetā́,periphrastic future)
अहै॑षीत्(áhaiṣīt,aorist)
अहे॑त्(áhet,aorist)
ही॒यात्(hīyā́t,benedictive)
जि॒घाय॑(jighā́ya,perfect)

Secondary forms

ही॒यते॑(hīyáte,passive)
अहा॑यि(áhāyi,passive aorist)
हा॒यय॑ति(hāyáyati,causative)
अजी॑हयत्(ájīhayat,causative aorist)
जिघीषति(jighīṣati,desiderative)
जेघीयते(jeghīyate,intensive)

Non-finite forms

हि॒त(hitá,past participle)
हेतव्य(hetavya,gerundive)
हेत्व॑(hétva,gerundive)

Derived nominal forms

Prefixed root forms

परिहि(parihi)
प्रहि(prahi)

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root हि(0 c, 6 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root हि(1 c, 0 e)

References

^Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “HAY”, inEtymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page802

Further reading

Monier Williams (1899), “हि”, inA Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At theClarendon Press,→OCLC, page1297, column 2.
William Dwight Whitney (1885),The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel,page205

Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “हि”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors,Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published2016
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “हि”, inA practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
Mallory, J. P. withAdams, D. Q. (2006),The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,page245
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001),Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,→ISBN,page174
Pokorny, Julius (1959),Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,page424

Etymology 2

FromProto-Indo-Aryan*źʰí, fromProto-Indo-Iranian*ȷ́ʰí, fromProto-Indo-European*ǵʰí.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic)IPA^(key): /ɦí/
(Classical Sanskrit)IPA^(key): /ɦi/

Particle

हि• (hí)

for,because,on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns)
सर्वो हि पृतना जिगीषति(sárvo hí pṛ́tanā jígīṣati) —for everybody wishes to win battles
भवान् हि प्रमाणम्(bhavān hi pramāṇam) —for your honour is the authority
तथा हि(tathā hi) —for example; accordingly
न हि(ná hí),नहि(nahí) —for not; not at all
just,pray,do (with an imperative or potential emphatically; sometimes with indicative)
पश्यामो हि(paśyāmo hi) —we will just see
indeed,assuredly,surely,of course,certainly
हि वै(hí vaí) —most assuredly
हि – तु(hi – tu),हि – पुनर्(hi – punar) —indeed – but
often a mere expletive, especially to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; hi is also said to be an interjection of "envy", "contempt", "hurry" etc.

Descendants

→ Awadhi:हि(hi)
⇒ Hindustani:
- Hindi:ही(hī)
- Urdu:ہی(hī)

References

^Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “hí”, inEtymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page814

Further reading

Monier Williams (1899), “हि”, inA Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At theClarendon Press,→OCLC, page1297, column 3.

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