(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
एन (en)(plural)
Inherited fromProto-Dravidian*yĀn.
एन (ēn)
एन
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं(enaṃ) |
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं(enaṃ) |
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं(enaṃ) |
एन m
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं(enaṃ) |
एन n
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं(enaṃ) |
Uncertain. Most likely formed within Indo-Aryan, as there are no Indo-Iranian cognates.[1] The traditional derivation[2] fromProto-Indo-European*óynos, i.e. from indefinite numeralone to definite,anaphoriche, is semantically unlikely.
More probable is a derivation fromProto-Indo-European*éy (just likeअयम्(ayám),एष(eṣá)/एतद्(etát)) and thedistaldeictic pronoun*énοs, which is also contained in pronouns in other languages, like Hittite[script needed](anniš,“that”), Ancient Greekἐκεῖνος(ekeînos,“that”), Icelandichann(“he”), and Englishyon.[3]
एन• (ena)
This pronoun is usually enclitic and should not begin a sentence. It is also only found in a limited number of cases and forms a suppletive paradigm with the enclitic forms ofअ(a) given atइदम्(idám), e.g. gen.sg.m./n.अस्य(asya).[1]
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनम्(enam) | एनौ(enau) एना¹(enā¹) | एनान्(enān) |
| instrumental | एनेन(enena) एना²(enā²) | - | - |
| dative | - | - | - |
| ablative | - | - | - |
| genitive | - | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः²(enoḥ²) | - |
| locative | - | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः²(enoḥ²) | - |
| vocative | - | - | - |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनाम्(enām) | एने(ene) | एनाः(enāḥ) |
| instrumental | एनया(enayā) | - | - |
| dative | - | - | - |
| ablative | - | - | - |
| genitive | - | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | - |
| locative | - | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | - |
| vocative | - | - | - |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनत्(enat) | एने(ene) | एनानि(enāni) |
| instrumental | एनेन(enena) एना¹(enā¹) | - | - |
| dative | - | - | - |
| ablative | - | - | - |
| genitive | - | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | - |
| locative | - | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | - |
| vocative | - | - | - |
Combined with the enclitic forms ofअ(a), the paradigm looks like this:
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनम्(enam) | एनौ(enau) एना¹(enā¹) | एनान्(enān) |
| instrumental | एनेन(enena) एना²(enā²) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | एभिः(ebhiḥ) |
| dative | अस्मै(asmai) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | एभ्यः(ebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अस्मात्(asmāt) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | एभ्यः(ebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अस्य(asya) | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः²(enoḥ²) | एषाम्(eṣām) |
| locative | अस्मिन्(asmin) | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः²(enoḥ²) | एषु(eṣu) |
| vocative | - | - | - |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनाम्(enām) | एने(ene) | एनाः(enāḥ) |
| instrumental | एनया(enayā) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | आभिः(ābhiḥ) |
| dative | अस्यै(asyai) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | आभ्यः(ābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अस्याः(asyāḥ) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | आभ्यः(ābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अस्याः(asyāḥ) | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | आसाम्(āsām) |
| locative | अस्याम्(asyām) | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | आसु(āsu) |
| vocative | - | - | - |
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | - | - |
| accusative | एनत्(enat) | एने(ene) | एनानि(enāni) |
| instrumental | एनेन(enena) एना¹(enā¹) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | एभिः(ebhiḥ) |
| dative | अस्मै(asmai) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | एभ्यः(ebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अस्मात्(asmāt) | आभ्याम्(ābhyām) | एभ्यः(ebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अस्य(asya) | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | एषाम्(eṣām) |
| locative | अस्मिन्(asmin) | एनयोः(enayoḥ) एनोः¹(enoḥ¹) | एषु(eṣu) |
| vocative | - | - | - |