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نشان

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:نشأن

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Middle Persiannyšʾn'

Classical Persianنِشَان(nišān)bor.

Ottoman Turkishنشان

Borrowed fromClassical Persianنِشَان(nišān,“sign, mark”).

Noun

نشان• (nişan)

sign,mark,symbol,indicator
Synonyms:اشارت(işaret),علامت(ʼalamet)
thing set up, as apost orpillar
stamp, anindentation orimprint made by stamping
Synonym:تمغا(tamga)
target, abutt ormark toshoot at
Synonyms:آماج(amaç),غرض(ğaraz),هدف(hedef)
aim, thepointing of aweapon
decoration worn as anhonor
royalcypher usually set overletters-patent, publicbuildings, etc.
Synonym:علامت(ʼalamet)
token given by a man to hisbetrothed upon the formalbetrothal

Derived terms

نشانجی(nişancı,“marksman”)
نشانسز(nişansız,“without a sign”)
نشانكاه(nişangah,“rearsight”)
نشانلاتمق(nişanlatmak,“to make or let be marked”)
نشانلامق(nişanlamak,“to mark; to take aim at”)
نشانلانمق(nişanlanmak,“to become a mark or sign”)
نشانلو(nişanlı,“marked with a sign”)
نشانگچ(nişangeç,“a joiner's tool”)
نشانگیر(nişangir,“one who takes notes”)

Descendants

Turkish:nişan
→ Albanian:nishan
→ Armenian:նիշան(nišan)
→ Bulgarian:ниша́н(nišán)
→ French:nichan
→ Greek:νισάνι(nisáni)
→ Macedonian:нишан(nišan)
→ Old East Slavic:нишанъ(nišanŭ)
- → Russian:ниша́н(nišán)
→ Romanian:nișam
→ Serbo-Croatian:nìšan /нѝшан

Further reading

Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “nişan2”, inÖtüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat,page3552
Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “نشان”, inHazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck,page479a
Kélékian, Diran (1911), “نشان”, inDictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran,page1275
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Signum”, inComplementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna,column1554
Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “نشان”, inThesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna,column5180
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “nişan”, inNişanyan Sözlük
Redhouse, James W. (1890), “نشان”, inA Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian,page2084

Persian

Alternative forms

نیشان(nišân)

Etymology

From earlierنِیشَان(nīšān), fromMiddle Persian[script needed](nyšʾn'/⁠nīšān⁠/,“sign, mark, banner”) (compare ManichaeanParthian𐫗𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫗(nyšʾn/⁠nīšān⁠/),Old Armenianնշան(nšan),Old Georgianნიშანი(nišani),Northern Kurdishnîşan,Central Kurdishنیشان(nîşan)), from[script needed](nyš/⁠nīš-⁠/) (compareOld Armenianնիշ(niš),Old Georgianნიში(niši),Classical Syriacܢܝܫܐ(nīšāʾ),Hebrewנֵס(nēs), loanwords from Iranian). See the Middle Persian for more.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian)IPA^(key): /ni.ˈʃaːn/

(Dari, formal)IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]

(Dari, formal)IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
- (Kabuli)IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
- (Hazaragi)IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɔːn]

(Iran, formal)IPA^(key): [ne.ʃɒːn]

(Tajik, formal)IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɔn]

Readings
Classical reading^?	nišān
Dari reading^?	nišān
Iranian reading^?	nešân
Tajik reading^?	nišon

Noun


Iranian Persian	نشان
Dari	نشان
Tajik	нишон

نشان• (nešân) (pluralنشان‌ها)

sign,mark
- c.1260s,Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated byReynold A. Nicholson,مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 388:
  چون که عمر شیخ در آخر رسید
  در وجود خودنشان مرگ دید
  čōn ki 'umr-i šayx dar āxir rasīd
  dar wujūd-i xwadnišān-i marg dīd
  When the Shaykh's life reached its end
  and he saw in his (bodily) existence thesigns of death
aim,target,butt
medal,order,decoration
banner,flag,standard,ensign
coat of arms
Synonym:آرم(ârm)

Derived terms

بدنشان(bad-nešân)
بی‌نشان(bê-nešân)
خط و نشان کشیدن(xatt-o-nešân kešidan)
نشان دادن(nešân dâdan)
نشان کردن(nešân kardan)
نشانه(nešâne)
نشانگر(nešângar)
نشانی(nešâni)
نشان‌شناسی(nešân-šenâsi)

Descendants

(some may be from Middle Persian)

→ Arabic:نِيشَان(nīšān)
→ Aramaic:
Classical Syriac:ܢܝܫܢܐ(nīšānā)
Classical Mandaic:ࡍࡉࡔࡀࡍ(nišan)
→ Azerbaijani:nişan
→ Bengali:নিশান(niśan)
→ Chagatai:نشان(nšān)
- Uyghur:نىشان(nishan)
- Uzbek:nishon
→ Crimean Tatar:nişan
→ Gujarati:નિશાન(niśān)
→ Kannada:ನಿಶಾನೆ(niśāne)
→ Kazakh:нысан(nysan),нышан(nyşan),нысана(nysana)
→ Hindustani: niśān
Hindi:निशान
Urdu:نِشان
→ Malay:nisan
- Indonesian:nisan
→ Marathi:
Devanagari script:निशाण(niśāṇ)
Modi script:𑘡𑘲𑘫𑘰𑘜(nīśāṇ)
→ Ottoman Turkish:نشان(nişan)
- Turkish:nişan
- → Albanian:nishan
- → Armenian:նիշան(nišan)
- → Bulgarian:ниша́н(nišán)
- → French:nichan
- → Greek:νισάνι(nisáni)
- → Macedonian:нишан(nišan)
- → Old East Slavic:нишанъ(nišanŭ)
  - → Russian:ниша́н(nišán)
- → Romanian:nișam
- → Serbo-Croatian:nìšan /нѝшан
→ Punjabi: niśān
Gurmukhi script:ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ
Shahmukhi script:نِشان
→ Sindhi:نِشانُ
→ Turkmen:nyşan

References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “نشان”, inDehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors,Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran:University of Tehran Press.
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “nīšān”, inA concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Middle Persiannyšʾn'

Classical Persianنِشَان(nišān)bor.

Urduنِشَان(niśān)

Borrowed fromClassical Persianنِشَان(nišān).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu)IPA^(key): /nɪ.ʃɑːn/
Rhymes:-ɑːn
Hyphenation:نِ‧شَان

Noun

نِشَان• (niśān) m (Hindi spellingनिशान)

Related terms

نشانہ(niśānā)
نشانی(niśānī)

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