See also:ک[U+06A9 ARABIC LETTER KEHEH],گ[U+06AF ARABIC LETTER GAF],کـ,ڪ[U+06AA ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF],and𞹪[U+1EE6A ARABIC MATHEMATICAL STRETCHED KAF]
From the Nabataean letter𐢏(k,“kaph”), derived from thePhoenician letter𐤊(k,“kāp”), from theEgyptian hieroglyph𓂧. See also Classical Syriacܟ(k,“kāp”), Hebrewכ(k,“kap”), Ancient GreekΚ(K), LatinK.
The eleventh letter in traditionalabjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded byى and followed byل(l).
1. Also used to emphasize attached pronouns andas a copula. 2.هُمْ(hum) becomesهُمُ(humu) before the definite articleالـ(al--). 3. Specifically,ـنِي(-nī,“me”) is attached to verbs, butـِي(-ī) orـيَ(-ya,“my”) is attached to nouns. In the latter case,ـيَ(-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), whileـِي(-ī) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore,-ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to-ī beforeـيَ(-ya) (presumably,-aw of masculine defective-an plurals is similarly assimilated to-ay). Prepositions useـِي(-ī) orـيَ(-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g.إِنَّنِي(ʔinnanī) orإِنِّي(ʔinnī)). 4.ـهِـ(-hi-) occurs after-i,-ī, or-ay, andـهُـ(-hu-) elsewhere (after-a,-ā,-u,-ū,-aw).
Unpublished Volga Bulgarian inscriptions A. H. Khalikov and J. G. Muhametshin, page 123[1]
Tekin, Talât (1988),Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language][2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi,→ISBN, page111
Erdal, Marcel (1993),Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN
