With the alternative formزَمَن(zaman) an old loan, becoming productive in the rootز م ن(z m n), perhaps directly borrowed from or from a closeAramaic relative toImperial Aramaic𐡆𐡌𐡍(zmn),𐡆𐡌𐡀𐡍(zmʾn), borrowed from a late pronunciation of the religiously relevantOld Persian*jamānā(“time”), reconstructible forProto-Iranian*ǰámaHnaH, of a native derivation type fromProto-Indo-European.
زَمَان• (zamān) m (pluralأَزْمِنَة(ʔazmina))
| singular | basic singulartriptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | زَمَان zamān | الزَّمَان az-zamān | زَمَان zamān |
| nominative | زَمَانٌ zamānun | الزَّمَانُ az-zamānu | زَمَانُ zamānu |
| accusative | زَمَانًا zamānan | الزَّمَانَ az-zamāna | زَمَانَ zamāna |
| genitive | زَمَانٍ zamānin | الزَّمَانِ az-zamāni | زَمَانِ zamāni |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | زَمَانَيْن zamānayn | الزَّمَانَيْن az-zamānayn | زَمَانَيْ zamānay |
| nominative | زَمَانَانِ zamānāni | الزَّمَانَانِ az-zamānāni | زَمَانَا zamānā |
| accusative | زَمَانَيْنِ zamānayni | الزَّمَانَيْنِ az-zamānayni | زَمَانَيْ zamānay |
| genitive | زَمَانَيْنِ zamānayni | الزَّمَانَيْنِ az-zamānayni | زَمَانَيْ zamānay |
| plural | broken pluraltriptote inـَة(-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَزْمِنَة ʔazmina | الْأَزْمِنَة al-ʔazmina | أَزْمِنَة ʔazminat |
| nominative | أَزْمِنَةٌ ʔazminatun | الْأَزْمِنَةُ al-ʔazminatu | أَزْمِنَةُ ʔazminatu |
| accusative | أَزْمِنَةً ʔazminatan | الْأَزْمِنَةَ al-ʔazminata | أَزْمِنَةَ ʔazminata |
| genitive | أَزْمِنَةٍ ʔazminatin | الْأَزْمِنَةِ al-ʔazminati | أَزْمِنَةِ ʔazminati |
FromProto-Iranian*hižwáH (comparePersianزوان(zavân)/زبان(zabân),Pashtoژبه(žəba),Avestan𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁(hizuuā)), fromProto-Indo-Iranian*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (compareSanskritजिह्वा(jihvā),Hindiजीभ(jībh)), fromProto-Indo-European*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (compareOld Prussianinsuwis,Russianязы́к(jazýk),Frenchlangue,Englishtongue).
زمان (ziman)
زمان• (zamān)
The past tense of the copula is usually implicit, howeverزمان orكان can also be used to express the past notion. Whileزمان is uninflected,كان changes in form according to the subject.[1]
زَمان (zamân) (definite accusativeزَمانؽ,pluralزَمانلار)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | زمان | زمانلار |
| genitive | زمانؽݧ | زمانلارؽݧ |
| dative | زمانقا | زمانلارقا |
| definite accusative | زمانؽ | زمانلارؽ |
| locative | زمانچا | زمانلارچا |
| ablative | زماندا | زمانلاردا |
| instrumental | زمانلا | زمانلارلا |
| equative | زمانوارا | زمانلاروارا |
زمان (pluralزمان-زمانorزمان٢)
FromMiddle Persian𐭥𐭣𐭭𐭠(ODNA/zamān/),𐭦𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩(ẕmʾn'/zamān/),𐭦𐭬𐭭𐭩(zmn'/zamān/),𐫉𐫖𐫀𐫗(zmʾn/zamān/), fromOld Persian*jamānā; see there for more.
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | zamān |
| Dari reading? | zamān |
| Iranian reading? | zamân |
| Tajik reading? | zamon |
| Dari | زمان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | замон |
زمان• (zamân) (pluralزمان‌ها,orازمنه(azmâne))
زمان• (zamān) m (pluralزمانات(zamānāt))
زمان• (zamān)
