ъ U+044A,ъ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN ←щ [U+0449] Cyrillic ы → [U+044B]

A distinctive glyph is used for Bulgarian. It resembles the handwritten form in Russian.

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ъ

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ъ (upper caseЪ)

1. Aletter of theCyrillic script, calledhard sign.

ъ (upper caseЪ)

1. Aletter of theOld Cyrillic script, calledback yer oryeru.

• 
  Regular.
• 
  Italics.
• 
  Handwritten.

ъ• (ʔ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The sixty-sixthletter of the Abazaalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гв гв,Гъ гъ,Гъв гъв,Гъь гъь,Гь гь,Гӏ гӏ,Гӏв гӏв,Д д,Дж дж,Джв джв,Джь джь,Дз дз,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,Жв жв,Жь жь,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Кв кв,Къ къ,Къв къв,Къь къь,Кь кь,Кӏ кӏ,Кӏв кӏв,Кӏь кӏь,Л л,Ль ль,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тл тл,Тш тш,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Хв хв,Хъ хъ,Хъв хъв,Хь хь,Хӏ хӏ,Хӏв хӏв,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чв чв,Чӏ чӏ,Чӏв чӏв,Ш ш,Шв шв,Шӏ шӏ,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The fifty-ninthletter of the Adyghealphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гу гу,Гъ гъ,Гъу гъу,Д д,Дж дж,Дз дз,Дзу дзу,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,Жъ жъ,Жъу жъу,Жь жь,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Ку ку,Къ къ,Къу къу,Кӏ кӏ,Кӏу кӏу,Л л,Лъ лъ,Лӏ лӏ,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Пӏу пӏу,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,Тӏу тӏу,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Хъу хъу,Хь хь,Ц ц,Цу цу,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Чъ чъ,Ш ш,Шъ шъ,Шъу шъу,Шӏ шӏ,Шӏу шӏу,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,ӏ ӏ,ӏу ӏу

ъ (ʔ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The forty-seventhletter of the Aghulalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Гь гь,Гӏ гӏ,Д д,Дж дж,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Кк кк,Къ къ,Кь кь,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пп пп,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тт тт,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Уь уь,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Хь хь,Хӏ хӏ,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чч чч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,ӏ ӏ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-fourthletter of the Alutoralphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Вʼ вʼ,Г г,Гʼ гʼ,Ғ ғ,Д д,Е е,Ә ә,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Ӄ ӄ,Л л,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʔ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The forty-firstletter of the Avaralphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Гь гь,Гӏ гӏ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Кь кь,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,Лъ лъ,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Хь хь,Хӏ хӏ,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-sixthletter of the Bashkiralphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)хәреф;А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Ғ ғ,Д д,Ҙ ҙ,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Ҡ ҡ,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,Ө ө,П п,Р р,С с,Ҫ ҫ,Т т,У у,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Һ һ,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ә ә,Ю ю,Я я

• IPA^(key): [ɤ],[ɤ̞]

ъ• (ǎ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Bulgarianalphabet, calledер голям(er goljam), and written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ж ж,З з,И и (Ѝ ѝ),Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ь ь,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-firstletter of the Buryatalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,Ө ө,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Һ һ,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʔ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The forty-firstletter of the Chechenalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Аь аь,Б б,В в,Г г,Гӏ гӏ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Кх кх,Къ къ,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,Оь оь,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Уь уь,Ф ф,Х х,Хь хь,Хӏ хӏ,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Юь юь,Я я,Яь яь,ӏ ӏ

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-firstletter of the Chukchialphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Ӄ ӄ,Л л,Ԓ ԓ,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,ʼ

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Chuvashalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Ӑ ӑ,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ӗ ӗ,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Ҫ ҫ,Т т,У у,Ӳ ӳ,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Crimean Tataralphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Л л,М м,Н н,Нъ нъ,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Дж дж,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʾ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The forty-firstletter of the Dargwaalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Гь гь,Гӏ гӏ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Кь кь,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Хь хь,Хӏ хӏ,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (transliteration needed) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-thirdletter of the Dunganalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

Normally, solely used in Russian loanwords.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ә ә,Ж ж,Җ җ,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ў ў,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-firstletter of the Eastern Marialphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ҥ ҥ,О о,Ӧ ӧ,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ӱ ӱ,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-firstletter of the Evenalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,Ө ө,Ӫ ӫ,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The twenty-ninthletter of the Evenkialphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʔ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-ninthletter of the Ingushalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Аь аь,Б б,В в,Г г,Гӏ гӏ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Кх кх,Къ къ,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Хь хь,Хӏ хӏ,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,Яь яь,ӏ ӏ

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The forty-secondletter of the Itelmenalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Ӑ ӑ,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Кʼ кʼ,Ӄ ӄ,Ӄʼ ӄʼ,Л л,Љ љ,Ԓ ԓ,М м,Н н,Њ њ,Ӈ ӈ,О о,О̆ о̆,П п,Пʼ пʼ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тʼ тʼ,У у,Ў ў,Ф ф,Х х,Ӽ ӽ,Ц ц,Ч ч,Чʼ чʼ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Ә ә,Э э,Ю ю,Я я (ʼ,˚)

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The fifty-thirdletter of the Kabardianalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Э э,Б б,В в,Г г,Гу гу,Гъ гъ,Гъу гъу,Д д,Дж дж,Дз дз,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,Жь жь,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Ку ку,Кӏ кӏ,Кӏу кӏу,Къ къ,Къу къу,Кхъ кхъ,Кхъу кхъу,Л л,Лъ лъ,Лӏ лӏ,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Ф ф,Фӏ фӏ,Х х,Ху ху,Хь хь,Хъ хъ,Хъу хъу,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Щӏ щӏ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Ю ю,Я я,ӏ ӏ,ӏу ӏу

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-fourthletter of the Kalmykalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Ә ә,Б б,В в,Г г,Һ һ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,Җ җ,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,Ө ө,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-sixthletter of the Kazakhalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Ә ә,Б б,В в,Г г,Ғ ғ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Қ қ,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,Ө ө,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ұ ұ,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Һ һ,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,І і,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-fourthletter of the Khakasalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Ғ ғ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,І і,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,Ӧ ӧ,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ӱ ӱ,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ӌ ӌ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-fourthletter of the Kumykalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Гь гь,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Л л,М м,Н н,Нг нг,О о,Оь оь,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Уь уь,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-firstletter of the Kyrgyzalphabet, calledажыратуу белгиси(ajıratuu belgisi), and written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,Ө ө,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʾ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The fortiethletter of the Lezgialphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Гь гь,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Кь кь,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Уь уь,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Хь хь,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• () (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirtiethletter of the Mongolianalphabet, calledхатуугийн тэмдэг(xatuugiin temdeg), and written in theCyrillic script.

Due to its rarity, thehard signъ is sometimes replaced by the more commonsoft signь(ʹ).

• (Cyrillic-script letters)үсэг;А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,Ө ө,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The forty-firstletter of the Nivkhalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Ӷ ӷ,Ғ ғ,Ӻ ӻ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Кʼ кʼ,Қ қ,Қʼ қʼ,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,П п,Пʼ пʼ,Р р,Р̆ р̆,С с,Т т,Тʼ тʼ,У у,Ў ў,Ф ф,Х х,Ҳ ҳ,Ӿ ӿ,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-fifthletter of the Northern Mansialphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,А̄ а̄,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Е̄ е̄,Ё ё,Ё̄ ё̄,Ж ж,З з,И и,Ӣ ӣ,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,О̄ о̄,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ӯ ӯ,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ы̄ ы̄,Ь ь,Э э,Э̄ э̄,Ю ю,Ю̄ ю̄,Я я,Я̄ я̄

ъ• (ŭ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. Aletter of the Old Novgorodianalphabet, written in theOld Cyrillic script.
   • c. 1025‒1050,Берестяная грамота № 591 [Birchbark letter no. 591]‎^[1], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙃ ꙁ [м] л н о п р с т оу ф х ц ч шъ ѣ ѫ ѭ у ѧ

     a b v g d je ž dz z [m] l n o p r s t u f x cʹ cʹ šŭ jě ǫ jǫ u ję

   • c. 1180‒1200,Берестяная грамота № 460 [Birchbark letter no. 460]‎^[2], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙅ ꙁ и ї к л м н о п р с т уо ѳ х ѡ ц ч ш щъ ѣ ѫ ю у ѧ

     a b v g d je ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x o cʹ cʹ š sʹcʹŭ jě ǫ ju u ję

   • c. 1200‒1220,Берестяная грамота № 778 [Birchbark letter no. 778]‎^[3], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙃ ꙁ и ї к л м н о п р с т оу ф х ѿ ц ч шъ ѣ ѫ ѫ ю ѧ

     a b v g d je ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u f x otŭ cʹ cʹ šŭ jě ǫ ǫ ju ję

   • c. 1240‒1260,Onfim,Берестяная грамота № 199 [Birchbark letter no. 199]‎^[4], Novgorod:

     а б в г д ¦ е ж ꙅ ꙁ и и к л м н о п р с т у ѳ х ѿ ц ч ш щъ ꙑ [ь] ѣ ꙋ ю ѫ ѧ …

     a b v g d ¦ je ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x otŭ cʹ cʹ š sʹcʹŭ y [ĭ] jě u ju ǫ ję …

   • c. 1240‒1260,Onfim,Берестяная грамота № 201 [Birchbark letter no. 201]‎^[5], Novgorod:

     а б : в г : д е : ж ꙅ : ꙁ и : і к : л м : н о : п р : с т : у ѳ х ѿ : ц ч : ш щ :ъ ꙑ : ь ѣ : ꙋ ю : ѫ ѧ : …

     a b : v g : d je : ž dz : z i : i k : l m : n o : p r : s t : u θ x otŭ : cʹ cʹ : š sʹcʹ :ŭ y : ĭ jě : u ju : ǫ ję : …

   • c. 1240‒1260,Onfim,Берестяная грамота № 205 [Birchbark letter no. 205]‎^[6], Novgorod:

     а б в г д е ж ꙅ ꙁ и і к л м н о п р с т у ѳ х отъ ц ч ш щъ ꙑ ь ѣ ꙋ ю ѫ ѧ

     a b v g d je ž dz z i i k l m n o p r s t u θ x otŭ cʹ cʹ š sʹcʹŭ y ĭ jě u ju ǫ ję

   • c. 1340‒1360,Берестяная грамота № Ст. Р. 25 [Birchbark letter no. St. R. 25]‎^[7], Staraya Russa:

     а б в г … н о - - - т у ѳ х [ѿ] …[ъ] - [ь] ѣ ѫ - …

     a b v g … n o - - - t u θ x [otŭ] …[ŭ] - [ĭ] jě ǫ - …

   • c. 1380‒1400,Берестяная грамота № Ст. Р. 24 [Birchbark letter no. St. R. 24]‎^[8], Staraya Russa:

     а б в г д е ж [ꙅ] ꙁ и і к л м н о п р с т у ф х [ѿ] ѡ ц ч ш щъ ꙑ ь ѣ ѧ

     a b v g d je ž [dz] z i i k l m n o p r s t u f x [otŭ] o cʹ cʹ š sʹcʹŭ y ĭ jě ję

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-eighthletter of the Ossetianalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

Only used in digraphs and Russian borrowings.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Ӕ ӕ,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Д д,Дж дж,Дз дз,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пъ пъ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тъ тъ,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Ц ц,Цъ цъ,Ч ч,Чъ чъ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

This letter has no pronunciation of its own. It instead functions as a graphic sign.

ъ (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The twenty-eighthletter of the Russianalphabet, calledтвёрдый знак(tvjórdyj znak), and written in theCyrillic script.

The hard sign has no sound of its own, but modifies that of the preceding consonant by causing it to be pronouncedunpalatalized (i.e. hard). Some writers use an apostrophe instead ofъ (e.g.съезд(sʺjezd) —с’езд(s’ezd)) which is considered non-standard or obsolete.

Before the 1918 spelling reform,ъ also appeared after every final consonant exceptй (e.g.котъ(kot,“tomcat”)), or after words likeвъ(v,“in, to”) andсъ(s,“with”) that are nowadays spelled as only a single consonant. After the 1918 spelling reform, when the usage ofъ was heavily reduced, some typewriters did not have the letter at all, forcing people to use an apostrophe.

• ь(ʹ)(soft sign)

• (Cyrillic-script letters)бу́ква;А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Southern Altaialphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Ј ј,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ҥ ҥ,О о,Ӧ ӧ,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ӱ ӱ,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʾ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The forty-firstletter of the Tabasaranalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Аь аь,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Гь гь,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Кь кь,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Уь уь,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Хь хь,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,ӏ ӏ,ʼ

ъ• (') (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Tajikalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Ғ ғ,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Ӣ ӣ,Й й,К к,Қ қ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ӯ ӯ,Ф ф,Х х,Ҳ ҳ,Ч ч,Ҷ ҷ,Ш ш,Ъ ъ,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The thirty-fourthletter of the Tataralphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Ә ә,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,Җ җ,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ң ң,О о,Ө ө,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ү ү,Ф ф,Х х,Һ һ,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я

ъ• (ʺ) (lower case,upper caseЪ)

1. The twenty-ninthletter of the Tundra Nenetsalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,ʼ,ˮ