Inherited fromProto-Slavic*dъlžьnъ. Cognate withBulgarianдлъ́жен(dlǎ́žen) andRussianдо́лжен(dólžen).
должен• (dolžen) (notcomparable,abstract nounдолжност)
- obligated
- indebted
Inherited fromOld East Slavicдължьнъ(dŭlžĭnŭ,“obligated”), fromProto-Slavic*dъlžьnъ. Compare withдолг(dolg), and cognate withBulgarianдлъ́жен(dlǎ́žen) andMacedonianдо́лжен(dólžen).
до́лжен• (dólžen)
- Used to expressindebtedness. Usually translated as the verb "toowe", with the person indebted to indative case and the thing owed inaccusative case.
- Synonym:обя́зан(objázan)(with the thing owed in instrumental case)
- Ондо́лженмнепятьты́сячрубле́й. ―Ondólžen mne pjatʹ týsjač rubléj. ―He owes me five thousand rubles.
- (with averb)Used to expressobligation orsuggestion. Usually translated as "must", "have to", "should" or "supposed to".
- Synonyms:(partial)вы́нужден(výnužden),на́до(nádo),необходи́мо(neobxodímo),ну́жно(núžno),обя́зан(objázan),(partial)прихо́дится(prixóditsja),сле́дует(slédujet),(partial)сто́ит(stóit)
- Слу́жащиедолжны́во́времяявля́тьсянарабо́ту. ―Slúžaščijedolžný vóvremja javljátʹsja na rabótu. ―Employees must report to work on time.
- (with averb)Used to expresslikelihood. Usually translated as "should".
- Synonyms:вероя́тно(verojátno),наве́рное(navérnoje),наверняка́(navernjaká),скоре́е всего́(skoréje vsevó)
- Затме́ниедолжно́наступи́тьвтричаса́. ―Zatménijedolžnó nastupítʹ v tri časá. ―The eclipse should occur at three o'clock.
- (with averb)supposed,meant (to) (used to indicate an intention)
- Э́тодолжно́бы́лобытьшу́ткой. ―Étodolžnó býlo bytʹ šútkoj. ―That wassupposed to be a joke.
- Она́должна́была́прийти́ещёвчера́. ―Onádolžná bylá prijtí ješčó včerá. ―She wasmeant to come yesterday.
- Подожди́те,ондо́лженверну́тьсякобе́ду. ―Podoždíte, ondólžen vernútʹsja k obédu. ―Wait, he'ssupposed to be back by lunch.
Declension ofдо́лжен (short-form-only class b*)
