This word is used in the sense of "if" mostly when the following verb is in the past tense or conditional mood or expresses an unrealistic scenario. Otherwise, "ако" tends to be used.
Used as an emphasiser, usually at the start of a sentence or phrase. In many cases, emphasises impatience or irritation, but in others may simply emphasise surprise or an observation.
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “да”, inМатеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][2] (in Russian), volume 1(А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences,column619
1925 July 30,М. Ч., “Писмо о „Горнїци“”, inРуски Новини[3]:
Место,да ше „господа“ занїмаю однародзованьом нашого народу, лєпше най би ше трудзелида Русини на Горнїци знаю рационално ґаздовац,да буду добри християнє,да го поуча о алкохолю,да го вибавя з жидовских рукох,да му даю добру и хасновиту кнїжку до рукох, най нє воюю з витернїками.
Mesto,da še „hospoda“ zanjimaju odnarodzovanʹom našoho narodu, ljepše naj bi še trudzelida Rusini na Hornjici znaju racionalno gazdovac,da budu dobri xristijanje,da ho pouča o alkoxolju,da ho vibavja z židovskix rukox,da mu daju dobru i xasnovitu knjižku do rukox, naj nje vojuju z viternjikami.
Insteadof the "master" being concerned with the denationalization of our people, it would have been better to strive to ensurethat the Rusyns in the Highlands knew how to rule rationally,that they would be good Christians,that they would teach him about alcohol,that they would free themselves from Jewish hands,that they would bring him a good and useful book to his hands, so that they would not do things in vain (lit. fight with the windmills).
2023 November 25,А. Саванович, “Бунт за ґенералку”, inРуске Слово[4]:
У дньох котри пришли, число поштарох у протесту ше звекшало и док тото пишем, по остатнїх информацийох, вецей як 4.000 служебнїки у пошти, у скоро 200 поштох, нє роби и чекада им Влада виполня їх условия.
U dnʹox kotri prišli, čislo poštarox u protestu še zvekšalo i dok toto pišem, po ostatnjix informacijox, vecej jak 4.000 služebnjiki u pošti, u skoro 200 poštox, nje robi i čekada im Vlada vipolnja jix uslovija.
In the days that have passed, the number of postmen in protest has increased and while I am writing this, according to the latest information, more than 4,000 post employees, in almost 200 post offices, are not working and waiting for the Governmentto fulfill their conditions.
2024 February 19,А. Саванович, “Цена”, inРуске Слово[5]:
Нормално, єст и таких цо нїґда лєпше нє жили, цо достали нагоду у живоцеда им будзе добре.
Normalno, jest i takix co njigda ljepše nje žili, co dostali nahodu u živoceda im budze dobre.
Normally, there are also those who have never lived better, who got a chance in lifeto be well.
2024 April 30,М. Задрепко, “Яр”, inРуске Слово[6]:
Хто цалком здрави у глави, ма моцни фундамент, таке вироятно шицко тото лєгчейше преґура, алє кед вам фундамент дзирави,да нє повем слаби характер як я, вец трешенє жеми може направиц озбильну чкоду и руциц вас до депресиї.
Xto calkom zdravi u hlavi, ma mocni fundament, take virojatno šicko toto ljehčejše pregura, alje ked vam fundament dziravi,da nje povem slabi xarakter jak ja, vec trešenje žemi može napravic ozbilʹnu čkodu i rucic vas do depresiji.
Anyone who is completely sane in the head, has a strong foundation, will probably push through all this more easily, but when your foundation is hollow, notto mention a weak character like me, then an earthquake can do serious damage and throw you into depression.
2024 December 14,А. Саванович, “Нужне зло”, inРуске Слово[7]:
Да ше дахто одвичательни старал о тим як ше реконструкция Гайзибанскей станїци у Новим Садзе, котра вибудована 1964. року, одбува, и спозорели власци жадни сликованьох же станїца нє ма дозволу за хаснованє, тоти дохторе у Клинїчним центру би водзели рахунку о других хорих, а 15 гроби на теметове було би менєй.
Da še daxto odvičatelʹni staral o tim jak še rekonstrukcija Hajzibanskej stanjici u Novim Sadze, kotra vibudovana 1964. roku, odbuva, i spozoreli vlasci žadni slikovanʹox že stanjica nje ma dozvolu za xasnovanje, toti doxtore u Klinjičnim centru bi vodzeli raxunku o druhix xorix, a 15 hrobi na temetove bulo bi menjej.
If only someone responsible had cared about how the reconstruction of the train station in Novi Sad, which was built in 1964, was taking place, and warned the authorities eager for photographs that the station did not have a license for use, these doctors in the Clinical centre would have been keeping track of other patients, and there would have been 15 fewer graves.
2023 April 3,С. Фейса, “Дарунок наших предкох”, inРуске Слово[8]:
Треба барз мерковац кед ше з тепши знїма, треба два особи да ше цесто знєє, одлїпи од тепши,а да ше нє поламе.
Treba barz merkovac ked še z tepši znjima, treba dva osobi da še cesto znjeje, odljipi od tepši,a da še nje polame.
You very much need to watch when it comes out from the pan, you need two people in order to take out the dough, unstick it from the pan,without it cracking.
2025 April 25,М. Катона, “Дньови шор”, inРуске Слово[9]:
Попри того, тих дньох ознова вибрани дотерашнї директор Дома култури за нови мандат,як да вон нє ма нїч зоз занєдзбаним отримованьом и зоз од скорей нєобходну и обецовану реконстукцию обєкта у хторим є директор.
Popri toho, tix dnʹox oznova vibrani doterašnji direktor Doma kulturi za novi mandat,jak da von nje ma njič zoz zanjedzbanim otrimovanʹom i zoz od skorej njeobxodnu i obecovanu rekonstukciju objekta u xtorim je direktor.
Furthermore, these days, the former incumbent director of the cultural centre was elected for a new mandate,as if he had nothing to do with the negligent maintenance and from earlier the urgent and promised reconstruction of the object in which he is the director.
2023 February 5,А. Саванович, “Идентитет”, inРуске Слово[10]:
Яки ґодда нам идентитет, тото цо нас одредзує по походзеню родичох, по язику котри бешедуєме, по вири лєбо нєвереню, найважнєйше же зме шицки перше людзе.
Jaki godda nam identitet, toto co nas odredzuje po poxodzenju rodičox, po jaziku kotri bešedujeme, po viri ljebo njeverenju, najvažnjejše že zme šicki perše ljudze.
Whatever kind of identity itgives us, this is what defines us, by our parents' origin, by the language we speak, by belief or disbelief, the most important thing is that we are all human beings first.
Вообрази́те, приме́рно, дли́нный коридо́р, соверше́нно тёмный и нечи́стый. По пра́вую его́ ру́ку бу́дет глуха́я стена́, а по ле́вую всё две́рида две́ри, то́чно нумера́, всё так в ряд простира́ются.
Voobrazíte, primérno, dlínnyj koridór, soveršénno tjómnyj i nečístyj. Po právuju jevó rúku búdet gluxája stená, a po lévuju vsjo dvérida dvéri, tóčno numerá, vsjo tak v rjad prostirájutsja.
Imagine a long passage, absolutely dark and very dirty. On the right hand there is a blank wall, and on the left, doorsand doors, like the rooms in a hotel, in a long row.
Used as an emphasiser, usually at the start of a sentence or phrase. In many cases, emphasises impatience or irritation, but in others may simply emphasise surprise or an observation.
Датысталоптими́стом. ―Da ty stal optimístom. ―Well, you've become quite the optimist.
Даонрома́нтик. ―Da on romántik. ―I see he's quite the romantic.
Дачтостобо́йтако́е? ―Da što s tobój takóje? ―What's up with you? (implying something has been visibly wrong for some time)
Дакактысме́ешь? ―Da kak ty sméješʹ? ―How dare you?
онај који се бори противчудовишта треба пазитида тиме и сам не постане чудовиште ―he who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster
(colloquial)Used as an emphasiser, usually at the start of a sentence or phrase. In many cases, emphasises impatience or irritation, but in others may simply emphasise surprise or an observation.
Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “да”, inСловник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15(а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund,→ISBN
