second-person singular formal, as well as second-person plural, nominative case:you
Як ся Вы сам чуєте в ролї учітеля материньского языка? ―Jak sja Vŷ sam čujete v rolji učitelja materynʹskoho jazŷka? ―How doyou feel in the role of a teacher of your native language?
Use of Вы as a formal singular is attested in East Slavic literature from the 11th-16th century, under influence of Byzantine speech. It started becoming widespread in Russian society during the rule ofPeter the Great, under French and German influence, and became ingrained by the 19th century.
Она́ упрека́ла себя́ за то, но не могла́ не ворча́ть, не придира́ться к Со́не, ча́сто без причи́ны остана́вливая её, называ́я её «вы», и «моя́ ми́лая».
Oná uprekála sebjá za to, no ne moglá ne vorčátʹ, ne pridirátʹsja k Sóne, částo bez pričíny ostanávlivaja jejó, nazyvája jejó «vy», i «mojá mílaja».
Though she blamed herself for it, she could not refrain from grumbling at and worrying Sónya, often pulling her up without reason, addressing her stiffly as “my dear,” and using theformal “you” instead of the intimate “thou” in speaking to her.
The personal pronounвы is comparable to Frenchvous, GermanSie, ItalianVoi, Spanishusted, Portuguesevós, and is used not only in the plural sense, but also as the formal singular. The formalвы is appropriate with strangers, business contacts, neighbors, and friends. (The informalты(ty) should only be used with family and friends. Even then, a speaker may suddenly switch toвы in order to broach an especially serious topic, or to indicate displeasure or anger.) For more information, seeAppendix:Russian pronouns