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вы

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Вы,вы-,вꙑ,andAppendix:Variations of "bi"

Belarusian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Belarusianвы(vy), fromOld East Slavicвы(vy), fromProto-Slavic*vy.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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вы (vy)

  1. you (plural or formal)

Declension

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Declension of Belarusian personal pronouns
singularpluralreflexive
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
mnf
nominativeя(ja)ты(ty)ён(jon)яно́(janó)яна́(janá)мы(my)вы(vy)яны́(janý)
genitiveмяне́(mjanjé)цябе́(cjabjé)яго́(jahó)яе́(jajé)нас(nas)вас(vas)іх(ix)сябе́(sjabjé)
dativeмне(mnje)табе́(tabjé)яму́(jamú)ёй(joj)нам(nam)вам(vam)ім(im)сабе́(sabjé)
accusativeмяне́(mjanjé)цябе́(cjabjé)яго́(jahó)яе́(jajé)нас(nas)вас(vas)іх(ix)сябе́(sjabjé)
instrumentalмной,мно́ю(mnoj, mnóju)табо́й,табо́ю(tabój, tabóju)ім(im)ёй,ёю(joj, jóju)на́мі(námi)ва́мі(vámi)і́мі(ími)сабо́й,сабо́ю(sabój, sabóju)
locativeмне(mnje)табе́(tabjé)ім(im)ёй(joj)нас(nas)вас(vas)іх(ix)сабе́(sabjé)

Carpathian Rusyn

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Etymology

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FromProto-Slavic*vy, fromProto-Indo-European*yúHs.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈvɤ]
  • Rhymes:
  • Syllabification:вы

Pronoun

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вы ()

  1. second-person singular formal, as well as second-person plural, nominative case:you
    Як ся Вы сам чуєте в ролї учітеля материньского языка?Jak sja sam čujete v rolji učitelja materynʹskoho jazŷka?How doyou feel in the role of a teacher of your native language?

Further reading

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Kabardian

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Etymology

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CompareAdygheцу(cʷu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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вы ()

  1. ox
  2. bull (Animal)

Declension

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Declension ofвы
casesingularplural
indefinite
nominativeвыр(vər)выхэр(vəxɛr)
ergativeвым(vəm)выхэмэ(vəxɛmɛ)
instrumentalвы(м)кӏэ(və(m)kʼɛ)выхэ(м)кӏэ(vəxɛ(m)kʼɛ)
invertiveвыу(vəwu)выхыу(vəxəwu)

Russian

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Alternative forms

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  • Вы(Vy)alternative capitalisation in formal writing

Etymology

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FromOld East Slavicвꙑ(vy), fromProto-Slavic*vy, fromProto-Indo-European*yúHs. Cognate withSanskritयूयम्(yūyam) andEnglishyou.

Use of Вы as a formal singular is attested in East Slavic literature from the 11th-16th century, under influence of Byzantine speech. It started becoming widespread in Russian society during the rule ofPeter the Great, under French and German influence, and became ingrained by the 19th century.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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вы (vy)

  1. you(plural or formal singular)
    • 1869,Лев Толстой [Leo Tolstoy], “Том 2, Часть четвёртая, VIII”, inВойна и мир; English translation fromAylmer and Louise Maude, transl.,War and Peace, Oxford: Oxford University Press,1922–1923:
      Она́ упрека́ла себя́ за то, но не могла́ не ворча́ть, не придира́ться к Со́не, ча́сто без причи́ны остана́вливая её, называ́я её «вы», и «моя́ ми́лая».
      Oná uprekála sebjá za to, no ne moglá ne vorčátʹ, ne pridirátʹsja k Sóne, částo bez pričíny ostanávlivaja jejó, nazyvája jejó «vy», i «mojá mílaja».
      Though she blamed herself for it, she could not refrain from grumbling at and worrying Sónya, often pulling her up without reason, addressing her stiffly as “my dear,” and using theformal “you” instead of the intimate “thou” in speaking to her.

Usage notes

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The personal pronounвы is comparable to Frenchvous, GermanSie, ItalianVoi, Spanishusted, Portuguesevós, and is used not only in the plural sense, but also as the formal singular. The formalвы is appropriate with strangers, business contacts, neighbors, and friends. (The informalты(ty) should only be used with family and friends. Even then, a speaker may suddenly switch toвы in order to broach an especially serious topic, or to indicate displeasure or anger.) For more information, seeAppendix:Russian pronouns

Declension

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Declension of Russian personal pronouns
singularpluralreflexive
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
mnf
nominativeя
(ja)
ты
(ty)
он
(on)
оно́
(onó)
она́
(oná)
мы
(my)
вы
(vy)
они́1
(oní)
genitiveменя́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́2,него́2 3
(jevó, nevó)
её4,неё3 4
(jejó, nejó)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
их,них3
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
dativeмне
(mne)
тебе́
(tebé)
ему́,нему́3
(jemú, nemú)
ей,ней3
(jej, nej)
нам
(nam)
вам
(vam)
им,ним3
(im, nim)
себе́
(sebé)
accusativeменя́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́2,него́2 3
(jevó, nevó)
её,неё3
(jejó, nejó)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
их,них3
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
instrumentalмной,мно́ю5
(mnoj, mnóju)
тобо́й,тобо́ю5
(tobój, tobóju)
им,ним3
(im, nim)
ей,ней3,е́ю5,не́ю3 5
(jej, nej, jéju, néju)
на́ми
(námi)
ва́ми
(vámi)
и́ми,ни́ми3
(ími, ními)
собо́й,собо́ю5
(sobój, sobóju)
prepositional 6мне
(mne)
тебе́
(tebé)
нём3
(njom)
ней3
(nej)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
них3
(nix)
себе́
(sebé)
  1. Archaic feminine form:оне́(oné).
  2. The letterг(g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as/v/.
  3. The alternative forms starting withн-(n-) are used after a preposition.
  4. Archaic forms:ея́(jejá),нея́(nejá).
  5. Instrumental forms ending in(-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
  6. The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
Pre-1918 declension of Russian personal pronouns
singularpluralreflexive
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
mnfm /nf
nominativeя
(ja)
ты
(ty)
онъ
(on)
оно́
(onó)
она́
(oná)
мы
(my)
вы
(vy)
они́
(oní)
онѣ́
(oně́)
genitiveменя́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́1,него́1 2
(jevó, nevó)
ея̈3,нея̈2 3
(jejǫ́, nejǫ́)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
ихъ,нихъ2
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
dativeмнѣ
(mně)
тебѣ́
(tebě́)
ему́,нему́2
(jemú, nemú)
ей,ней2
(jej, nej)
намъ
(nam)
вамъ
(vam)
имъ,нимъ2
(im, nim)
себѣ́
(sebě́)
accusativeменя́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́1,него́1 2
(jevó, nevó)
её,неё2
(jejó, nejó)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
ихъ,нихъ2
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
instrumentalмной,мно́ю4
(mnoj, mnóju)
тобо́й,тобо́ю4
(tobój, tobóju)
имъ,нимъ2
(im, nim)
ей,ней2,е́ю4,не́ю2 4
(jej, nej, jéju, néju)
на́ми
(námi)
ва́ми
(vámi)
и́ми,ни́ми2
(ími, ními)
собо́й,собо́ю4
(sobój, sobóju)
prepositional5мнѣ
(mně)
тебѣ́
(tebě́)
нёмъ2
(njom)
ней2
(nej)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
нихъ2
(nix)
себѣ́
(sebě́)
  1. Letterг(g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as/v/.
  2. The alternative forms starting withн-(n-) are used after a preposition.
  3. Archaic forms:ея́(jejá),нея́(nejá).
  4. Instrumental forms ending in(-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
  5. The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.

Related terms

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External links

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