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φίλος

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:φῖλοςand-φιλος

Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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FromProto-Hellenic*pʰílos, traditionally derived fromProto-Indo-European*bʰil-o-s, from*bʰil-(“decent, good, harmonious, friendly”). In this case, cognate withOld Irishbil(“good, mild”) andProto-Germanic*biliz(“kind, gentle; decent, fair”), whenceOld Englishbile-(“kind, suitable, appropriate”,prefix),Germanbillig(“appropriate, fitting, inexpensive, cheap”), andDutchbillijk(“appropriate”).

However, Beekes rejects the above etymology based on the original meaning of the Greek word apparently being "own, accompanying" rather than "beloved", and leaves the origin open.^[1]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/pʰí.los/ →/ˈɸi.los/ →/ˈfi.los/

(5^thBCE Attic)IPA^(key):/pʰí.los/
(1^stCE Egyptian)IPA^(key):/ˈpʰi.los/
(4^thCE Koine)IPA^(key):/ˈɸi.los/
(10^thCE Byzantine)IPA^(key):/ˈfi.los/
(15^thCE Constantinopolitan)IPA^(key):/ˈfi.los/

Adjective

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φῐ́λος• (phĭ́los) m (feminineφῐ́λη,neuterφῐ́λον);first/second declension

That which is loved or important:beloved,dear, of or from afriend
(less commonly):loving,friendly

Inflection

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First andsecond declension ofφῐ́λος;φῐ́λη;φῐ́λον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	φῐ́λος phĭ́los	φῐ́λη phĭ́lē	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λᾱ phĭ́lā	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi	φῐ́λαι phĭ́lai	φῐ́λᾰ phĭ́lă
Genitive	φῐ́λου phĭ́lou	φῐ́λης phĭ́lēs	φῐ́λου phĭ́lou	φῐ́λοιν phĭ́loin	φῐ́λαιν phĭ́lain	φῐ́λοιν phĭ́loin	φῐ́λων phĭ́lōn	φῐ́λων phĭ́lōn	φῐ́λων phĭ́lōn
Dative	φῐ́λῳ phĭ́lōi	φῐ́λῃ phĭ́lēi	φῐ́λῳ phĭ́lōi	φῐ́λοιν phĭ́loin	φῐ́λαιν phĭ́lain	φῐ́λοιν phĭ́loin	φῐ́λοις phĭ́lois	φῐ́λαις phĭ́lais	φῐ́λοις phĭ́lois
Accusative	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λην phĭ́lēn	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λᾱ phĭ́lā	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λους phĭ́lous	φῐ́λᾱς phĭ́lās	φῐ́λᾰ phĭ́lă
Vocative	φῐ́λε phĭ́le	φῐ́λη phĭ́lē	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λᾱ phĭ́lā	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi	φῐ́λαι phĭ́lai	φῐ́λᾰ phĭ́lă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	φῐ́λως phĭ́lōs			φῐλώτερος phĭlṓteros			φῐλώτᾰτος phĭlṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First andsecond declension ofφῐ́λος;φῐ́λη;φῐ́λον (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	φῐ́λος phĭ́los	φῐ́λη phĭ́lē	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λᾱ phĭ́lā	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi	φῐ́λαι phĭ́lai	φῐ́λᾰ phĭ́lă
Genitive	φῐ́λου /φῐλοῖο /φῐ́λοιο /φῐλόο /φῐ́λοο phĭ́lou / phĭloîo / phĭ́loio / phĭlóo / phĭ́loo	φῐ́λης phĭ́lēs	φῐ́λου /φῐλοῖο /φῐ́λοιο /φῐλόο /φῐ́λοο phĭ́lou / phĭloîo / phĭ́loio / phĭlóo / phĭ́loo	φῐ́λοιῐν phĭ́loiĭn	φῐ́λαιν /φῐ́λαιῐν /φῐ́λῃῐν phĭ́lai(ĭ)n / phĭ́lēiĭn	φῐ́λοιῐν phĭ́loiĭn	φῐ́λων phĭ́lōn	φῐλᾱ́ων /φῐλέ͜ων /φῐλῶν phĭlā́ōn / phĭlé͜ōn / phĭlôn	φῐ́λων phĭ́lōn
Dative	φῐ́λῳ phĭ́lōi	φῐ́λῃ phĭ́lēi	φῐ́λῳ phĭ́lōi	φῐ́λοιῐν phĭ́loiĭn	φῐ́λαιν /φῐ́λαιῐν /φῐ́λῃῐν phĭ́lai(ĭ)n / phĭ́lēiĭn	φῐ́λοιῐν phĭ́loiĭn	φῐ́λοισῐ /φῐ́λοισῐν /φῐ́λοις phĭ́loisĭ(n) / phĭ́lois	φῐ́λῃσῐ /φῐ́λῃσῐν /φῐ́λῃς /φῐ́λαις phĭ́lēisĭ(n) / phĭ́lēis / phĭ́lais	φῐ́λοισῐ /φῐ́λοισῐν /φῐ́λοις phĭ́loisĭ(n) / phĭ́lois
Accusative	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λην phĭ́lēn	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λᾱ phĭ́lā	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λους phĭ́lous	φῐ́λᾱς phĭ́lās	φῐ́λᾰ phĭ́lă
Vocative	φῐ́λε /φῖλε phĭ́le / phîle	φῐ́λη phĭ́lē	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λᾱ phĭ́lā	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi	φῐ́λαι phĭ́lai	φῐ́λᾰ phĭ́lă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	φῐ́λως phĭ́lōs			φῐλώτερος /φῐλίων /φίλτερος phĭlṓteros / phĭlíōn / phílteros			φῐλώτᾰτος /φίλτᾰτος phĭlṓtătos / phíltătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁφῐ́λος ho phĭ́los	τὼφῐ́λω tṑ phĭ́lō	οἱφῐ́λοι hoi phĭ́loi
Genitive	τοῦφῐ́λου toû phĭ́lou	τοῖνφῐ́λοιν toîn phĭ́loin	τῶνφῐ́λων tôn phĭ́lōn
Dative	τῷφῐ́λῳ tôi phĭ́lōi	τοῖνφῐ́λοιν toîn phĭ́loin	τοῖςφῐ́λοις toîs phĭ́lois
Accusative	τὸνφῐ́λον tòn phĭ́lon	τὼφῐ́λω tṑ phĭ́lō	τοὺςφῐ́λους toùs phĭ́lous
Vocative	φῐ́λε phĭ́le	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension ofφῐ́λος;φῐ́λου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	φῐ́λος phĭ́los	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi
Genitive	φῐ́λου /φῐλοῖο /φῐ́λοιο /φῐλόο /φῐ́λοο phĭ́lou / phĭloîo / phĭ́loio / phĭlóo / phĭ́loo	φῐ́λοιῐν phĭ́loiĭn	φῐ́λων phĭ́lōn
Dative	φῐ́λῳ phĭ́lōi	φῐ́λοιῐν phĭ́loiĭn	φῐ́λοισῐ /φῐ́λοισῐν /φῐ́λοις phĭ́loisĭ(n) / phĭ́lois
Accusative	φῐ́λον phĭ́lon	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λους phĭ́lous
Vocative	φῐ́λε phĭ́le	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Second declension ofὁφῐ́λος;τοῦφῐ́λοιο (Doric)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁφῐ́λος ho phĭ́los	τὼφῐ́λω tṑ phĭ́lō	τοὶφῐ́λοι toì phĭ́loi
Genitive	τοῦφῐ́λοιο toû phĭ́loio	τοῖνφῐ́λοιν toîn phĭ́loin	τῶνφῐ́λων tôn phĭ́lōn
Dative	τῷφῐ́λῳ tôi phĭ́lōi	τοῖνφῐ́λοιν toîn phĭ́loin	τοῖςφῐ́λοις toîs phĭ́lois
Accusative	τὸνφῐ́λον tòn phĭ́lon	τὼφῐ́λω tṑ phĭ́lō	τοὺςφῐ́λους toùs phĭ́lous
Vocative	φῐ́λε phĭ́le	φῐ́λω phĭ́lō	φῐ́λοι phĭ́loi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

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Mariupol Greek:фи́лос(fílos)

References

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^Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φίλος”, inEtymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN, pages1573-4

Greek

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Etymology

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Inherited fromAncient Greekφίλος(phílos), probably fromProto-Hellenic*pʰílos, fromProto-Indo-European*bʰil-o-s, from*bʰil-(“decent, good, harmonious, friendly”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ˈfi.los/
Hyphenation:φί‧λος

Noun

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φίλος• (fílos) m (pluralφίλοι,feminineφίλη)

Declension

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Declension ofφίλος
	singular	plural
nominative	φίλος(fílos)	φίλοι(fíloi)
genitive	φίλου(fílou)	φίλων(fílon)
accusative	φίλο(fílo)	φίλους(fílous)
vocative	φίλε(fíle)	φίλοι(fíloi)

Related terms

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φίλαθλος m(fílathlos,“sports fan”)
φιλικά(filiká,“in a friendly manner”,adverb)
φιλικό n(filikó,“friendly (match)”)
φιλικός(filikós,“friendly”)
φιλοξενία f(filoxenía,“hospitality”)
φιλόξενος(filóxenos,“hospitable”)
φιλοξενούμενος(filoxenoúmenos,“hospitable”)
-φιλος(-filos)

Adjective

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φίλος• (fílos) m (feminineφίλη,neuterφίλο)

friendly
dear
beloved(obsolete, literary)

Declension

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Declension of φίλος
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	φίλος(fílos)	φίλη(fíli)	φίλο(fílo)	φίλοι(fíloi)	φίλες(fíles)	φίλα(fíla)
genitive	φίλου(fílou)	φίλης(fílis)	φίλου(fílou)	φίλων(fílon)	φίλων(fílon)	φίλων(fílon)
accusative	φίλο(fílo)	φίλη(fíli)	φίλο(fílo)	φίλους(fílous)	φίλες(fíles)	φίλα(fíla)
vocative	φίλε(fíle)	φίλη(fíli)	φίλο(fílo)	φίλοι(fíloi)	φίλες(fíles)	φίλα(fíla)

Derivations:
Comparative:πιο +positive forms (e.g. πιο φίλος, etc.)
Relative superlative:definite article + πιο +positive forms (e.g. ο πιο φίλος, etc.)