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σῶμα

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See also:σώμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of disputed origin:^[1]

Maybe fromProto-Hellenic*twṓmə, fromProto-Indo-European*twoH-mn̥(“compactness, swelling”), derived from*tewh₂-(“to swell”) +*-mn̥(“nominal suffix”), and compared withσωρός(sōrós,“heap”). However, as Beekes notes in his entry onσῶς(sôs,“safe, healthy”), such ano-grade formation is rather strange.^[2] Compare, however,ποιμήν(poimḗn,“shepherd”).
Alternatively, fromProto-Hellenic*styṓmə, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)tyoH-mn̥(“what has stiffened”), derived from*styeH-(“to stiffen”) +*-mn̥, and compared withSanskritस्त्या(styā,“to flow, get stiff”).^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/sɔ̂ː.ma/ →/ˈso.ma/ →/ˈso.ma/

(5^thBCE Attic)IPA^(key):/sɔ̂ː.ma/
(1^stCE Egyptian)IPA^(key):/ˈso.ma/
(4^thCE Koine)IPA^(key):/ˈso.ma/
(10^thCE Byzantine)IPA^(key):/ˈso.ma/
(15^thCE Constantinopolitan)IPA^(key):/ˈso.ma/

Noun

σῶμα• (sôma) n (genitiveσώματος);third declension

body (both that of people and animals)
1. (Homeric and often in other early works) dead body
One's life in the physical world
That which is material (as opposed to spiritual)
person
Anentire thing
(mathematics) three-dimensional object

Declension

Third declension ofτὸσῶμᾰ;τοῦσώμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸσῶμᾰ tò sômă	τὼσώμᾰτε tṑ sṓmăte	τᾰ̀σώμᾰτᾰ tằ sṓmătă
Genitive	τοῦσώμᾰτος toû sṓmătos	τοῖνσωμᾰ́τοιν toîn sōmắtoin	τῶνσωμᾰ́των tôn sōmắtōn
Dative	τῷσώμᾰτῐ tôi sṓmătĭ	τοῖνσωμᾰ́τοιν toîn sōmắtoin	τοῖςσώμᾰσῐ /σώμᾰσῐν toîs sṓmăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸσῶμᾰ tò sômă	τὼσώμᾰτε tṑ sṓmăte	τᾰ̀σώμᾰτᾰ tằ sṓmătă
Vocative	σῶμᾰ sômă	σώμᾰτε sṓmăte	σώμᾰτᾰ sṓmătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

σωματικός(sōmatikós)
σωμάτινος(sōmátinos)

Descendants

Greek:σώμα(sóma)
English:soma,somato-,-some,somatic
Coptic:ⲥⲱⲙⲁ(sōma)

References

^Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010)Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN
^Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σῶς”, inEtymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN, pages1440-1
^Frisk, Hjalmar (1972) “σῶμα”, inGriechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter,pages842-43

Further reading

“σῶμα”, inLiddell & Scott (1940)A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
σῶμα inBailly, Anatole (1935)Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001)A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
σῶμα inCunliffe, Richard J. (1924)A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published1963
G4983 inStrong, James (1979)Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910)English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bodily idem, page 87.
- body idem, page 87.
- constitution idem, page 164.
- constitutional idem, page 165.
- corporal idem, page 174.
- corpse idem, page 174.
- flesh idem, page 327.
- frame idem, page 342.
- health idem, page 391.
- person idem, page 608.
- personal idem, page 608.
- physique idem, page 611.
- stature idem, page 813.

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