Of unclear origin. Possibly from the same root asστύφω(stúphō,“to astringe”), influenced byστριφνός(striphnós,“firm, hard, solid”) orστρηνής(strēnḗs,“hard, harsh”). The further comparison withProto-West Germanic*strūb(“stiff, rough, bristly”),Lithuanianstrùbas(“cut short, curtailed”) andProto-Slavic*strupъ(“scab, crust of a wound”) is not very semantically strong and thus uncertain.^[1]

στρῠφνός• (strŭphnós) m (feminineστρῠφνή,neuterστρῠφνόν);first/second declension

1. sour,bitter,harsh,astringent

   Synonym:στυφελός(stuphelós)

2. (figuratively)harsh,severe,austere

• Greek:στρυφνός(stryfnós)
• → Translingual:Stryphnus

• “στρυφνός”, inLiddell & Scott (1940),A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “στρυφνός”, inLiddell & Scott (1889),An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• στρυφνός inBailly, Anatole (1935),Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• στρυφνός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese),University of Chicago, since 2011

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