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δεῖ

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:δει

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Impersonal forms ofδέω(déō,“to bind”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dêː/ →/ˈði/ →/ˈði/

(5^thBCE Attic)IPA^(key): /dêː/
(1^stCE Egyptian)IPA^(key): /ˈdi/
(4^thCE Koine)IPA^(key): /ˈði/
(10^thCE Byzantine)IPA^(key): /ˈði/
(15^thCE Constantinopolitan)IPA^(key): /ˈði/

Verb

δεῖ• (deî)

(with personal accusative and infinitive) itbehoves one to, it is necessary to, one must
- c. 800BCE – 600BCE,Homer,Iliad9.337
- 522BCE – 443BCE,Pindar,Olympian Ode6.48
- 343BCE,Demosthenes,On the False Embassy 235
- c. 445BCE,Sophocles,Ajax556
- 428BCE,Euripides,Hippolytus
- c. 370BCE,Xenophon,Anabasis3.4.35
- 430BCE – 354BCE,Xenophon,Oeconomicus7.20
- 484BCE – 425BCE,Herodotus,1 8
- 406BCE,Sophocles,Oedipus at Colonus570
1. (with impersonal accusative and infinitive)
  - 460BCE – 395BCE,Thucydides,5 26
  - 460BCE – 430BCE,Herodotus,Histories2.161
  - 429BCE,Sophocles,Oedipus Rex825
2. (when used in absolute an infinitive may be supplied)
  - 406BCE,Sophocles,Oedipus at Colonus1442
  - Philetaerus Comicus,Ἀταλ. 1
(with impersonal genitive) there is need of, there is wanting
- 525BCE – 455BCE,Aeschylus,Prometheus Bound870
- 470BCE,Aeschylus,The Suppliants407
1. (with a personal dative)
  - 458BCE,Aeschylus,Agamemnon848
  - 431BCE,Euripides,Medea565
  - 431BCE – 404BCE,Thucydides,History of the Peloponnesian War1.71
2. (with personal accusative)
  - 525BCE – 455BCE,Aeschylus,Prometheus Bound86
  - c. 440BCE,Euripides,Rhesus 837
3. (nominative, rare)
  - 423BCE,Euripides,The Suppliants 594
  - 480BCE – 411BCE,Antiphon of Rhamnus,Collected Works 142.43
(neuter participle, absolute use) it being needful, fitting
- 428BCE – 347BCE,Plato,Protagoras355D
- 361BCE,Demosthenes,Against Midias 90
- 423BCE,Aristophanes,The Clouds989
- 484BCE – 425BCE,Herodotus,3 65
- 46CE – 120CE,Plutarch,Fabius Maximus9
- 200BCE – 118BCE,Polybius,The Histories2.37.5

Conjugation

Present:δέει /δεῖ (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative			δέει, δεῖ
	subjunctive			δέῃ, δῇ
	optative			δέοι
	imperative			δέονἔστω
		active
infinitive		δέειν, δεῖν
participle	m
	f
	n	δέον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect:ἔδεε(ν) /ἔδει (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative			ἔδεε(ν), ἔδει
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future:δεήσει (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative			δεήσει
active	optative			δεήσοι
		active
infinitive		δεήσειν
participle	m
	f
	n	δεῆσον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist:ἐδέησε(ν) (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative			ἐδέησε(ν)
	subjunctive			δεήσῃ
	optative			δεήσειε(ν)
	imperative			δεῆσανἔστω
		active
infinitive		δεῆσαι
participle	m
	f
	n	δεῆσαν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect:δεδέηκε(ν) (Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative			δεδέηκε(ν)
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, seeAppendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

“δεῖ”, inLiddell & Scott (1940),A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“δεῖ”, inLiddell & Scott (1889),An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“δεῖ”, inAutenrieth, Georg (1891),A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
δεῖ inBailly, Anatole (1935),Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
δεῖ inCunliffe, Richard J. (1924),A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published1963
δεῖ in theDiccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
“δεῖ”, inSlater, William J. (1969),Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1163 inStrong, James (1979),Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910),English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- attach idem, page 49.
- bandage idem, page 60.
- be idem, page 66.
- bind idem, page 79.
- chain idem, page 122.
- cord idem, page 174.
- fasten idem, page 308.
- imprison idem, page 424.
- incumbent idem, page 431.
- lash idem, page 477.
- necessary idem, page 553.
- need idem, page 554.
- room idem, page 721.
- strap idem, page 823.
- tether idem, page 863.
- tie idem, page 874.

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