See also:ˉ[U+02C9 MODIFIER LETTER MACRON],
◌̅[U+0305 COMBINING OVERLINE],and◌͞◌[U+035E COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON] - (X-bar):′(prime),'(plain apostrophe)
Ahorizontalline, called amacron, to be placedabove other characters.
◌̄
- (IPA) A midtone.
- (IPA, obsolete) A leveltone – or, in contrast to low⟨◌̱⟩, a high level tone.
- (UPA) Long vowel (e.g.ā) or consonant (e.g.t̄ ); cf.⟨◌̂⟩.
- Synonym:◌᷾
- (Chomskyan grammar) Used to denote anX-bar.
- (romanization)used to create the letter⟨ḡ⟩ (also⟨ġ⟩), which transliterates i.a. Arabicغ(ḡ), as well as long vowels such as⟨ā⟩ forى,⟨ī⟩ and⟨ū⟩.
The IPA diacritic forretraction,⟨◌̠⟩, may appear above a letter that has a descender. As of 2024, the macron is the closest Unicode equivalent, but a proper minus sign diacritic is pending.[1]
- [1]:ː
- [2]:˧
◌̄
- (lexicography)Used to mark a vowel letter as having its 'long' sound:⟨ā⟩ /eɪ/,⟨ē⟩ /iː/,⟨ī⟩ /aɪ/,⟨ō⟩ /oʊ/,⟨ū⟩ /juː/.
- (poetry)Placed over a vowel letter to indicate that the syllable is long. Also used alone to mark stress in a metrical foot or verse: see⟨ˉ⟩.
- (lexicography):⟨◌͞◌⟩ is used for the digraphoo.
- (poetry):⟨◌̆⟩ is used for a short vowel/syllable.
◌̄
- The supralinear stroke, placed over a syllabic consonant.
◌̄
- (romanization)Adiacritical mark of theLatin script, calledマクロン(“macron”) in Japanese, and found onĀ/ā,Ē/ē,Ī/ī,Ō/ō andŪ/ū.
In a number of romanization systems of Japanese, particularlyHepburn, the macron indicates that a vowel is along vowel.
Other romanization systems, particularly Kunrei-shiki, use the circumflex (^) for that purpose.
- ー(long vowel mark used in kana text)
◌̄
- Adiacritical mark of theLatin script, calledsignum prōductiōnis(“lengthening sign”) in Latin, and found onĀ/ā,Ē/ē,Ī/ī,Ō/ō,Ū/ū andȲ/ȳ,used to denote a long vowel in grammars and dictionaries.
- ◌̆(signum correptionis)
- ◌̄̆
◌̄
- Adiacritical mark of theLatin script, calledgarumzīme(“macron”) in Latvian, and found onĀ/ā,Ē/ē,Ī/ī andŪ/ū.
- Used to mark long vowels:ā = [aː],ē = [ɛː] or [æː],ī = [iː],ū = [uː].
- For a short while (1908–1919), it was also used with the lettero (ō) to mark long [oː] in words of foreign origin, but this usage has since then been abandoned.
- Letters with macrons are considered as separate letters with different names, and listed in the alphabet after the same letters without macron (i.e.,ā aftera,ē aftere,ī afteri, andū afteru). In actual practice, however, letters with and without macrons are treated as the same letter in alphabetized lists (e.g., in dictionaries), unlike letters with cedillas (ģ,ķ,ļ,ņ) or háčeks (č,š,ž), which are kept separate in alphabetized lists.
◌̄
- Adiacritical mark of theLatin script, called長音符號 /长音符号 in Mandarin, and found onĀ/ā,Ē/ē,Ī/ī,Ō/ō,Ū/ū andǕ/ǖ. Indicates the high level first tone.
◌̄
- Written on a letter, usually a vowel, in place of an omittedn orm.
◌̄
- Represents thefifth tone (light departing tone) of Putian Dialect inHinghwa Romanized (Báⁿ-uā-ci̍).
◌̄
- Adiacritical mark of theLatin script, calledàmì ohùn àárín(“middle-tone mark”) in Yoruba, and found onĀ/ā,Ē/ē,Ẹ̄/ẹ̄,Ī/ī,Ō/ō,Ọ̄/ọ̄,Ū/ū,N̄/n̄ andM̄/m̄.Used to indicate middle-tone, omitted on vowels but marked on syllabic nasals to avoid conflation withnasal vowels
