ʼ U+02BC,ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE ←ʻ [U+02BB] Spacing Modifier Letters ʽ → [U+02BD]

In IPA usage, the ejective mark always modifies a letter. It may be typeset larger than an apostrophe, as here.

Use for glottal stop derives from theapostrophe, for example inHawaiian (now replaced by theokina to distinguish it from an actual apostrophe).

Use to markejective consonants started with transliteration ofGeorgian script; it was an adaptation of thespiritus lenis and contrasted with thespiritus asper used to markaspirated consonants, as the most salient distinctive feature of Georgian ejectives was that they were not aspirated. Usage extended from there to other languages with ejective consonants.

ʼ

1. (IPA) anejectiveconsonant

   e.g.[kʼ],[tʼ],[sʼ].

2. (UPA)glottal closure:

   E.g.kʼ isk with simultaneous glottal closure.

   mⁱeʼr ormⁱe̓r with a glottalized vowel.

   ʼeppä ʼollu with epenthetic glottal stops separating the vowels.

3. transliteration of Semitic glottal stop (aleph andhamza).

   Synonym:ʾ

Americanist phonetic notation may instead use acombining diacritic⟨◌̓⟩ for ejective consonants.

Letters/digraphs that contain⟨ʼ⟩:

• vowels:aʼ,eʼ,iʼ,oʼ,uʼ
• sonorants:lʼ,mʼ,nʼ,wʼ,yʼ
• plosives:bʼ,pʼ,tʼ,ʈʼ,cʼ,kʼ,kyʼ,kwʼ,ḵʼ,ḵwʼ,kpʼ,qʼ,qʼu
• affricates:cʼ,chʼ,chwʼ,čʼ,djʼ,dsʼ,tsʼ,ʈʂʼ,tjʼ,tlʼ,tłʼ,txʼ,tẍʼ,tgʼ,tyʼ,tzʼ
• fricatives:sʼ,ʂʼ,šʼ,xʼ,ȟʼ
• clicks:ʘʼ,ǀʼ,ǀʼh,cʼ,cʼh,cgʼ,dcgʼ,ǁʼ,ǁʼh,xʼ,xʼh,xgʼ,dxgʼ,ǃʼ,ǃʼh,qʼh,qgʼ,dqgʼ,𝼊ʼ,‼ʼ,ǂʼ,ǂʼh,çʼ,çʼh,çgʼ,dçgʼ
• ʼb,ʼd,ʼg,ʼgh,ʼhg,ʼl,ʼm,ʼn,ʼw,ʼy

• Modifier letter apostrophe on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. Aletter of theAvokaya alphabet.

ʼ (ʼ)

1. Hightone on a short vowel/ɔ/, as inबरʼ/bɔrɔ́/ 'Bodo'.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ

1. alternative form ofˀ

ʼ (no case)

1. The firstletter of theChamorroalphabet, used for theglottal stop.

• ˀ,^

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. Aletter of the Chiwerealphabet, written in theLatin script.

ʼ (ʼ)

1. The thirty-seventhletter of the Chukchialphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Ӄ ӄ,Л л,Ԓ ԓ,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,ʼ

ʼ (ʼ)

1. Low rising tone on a short vowel/ə ɪ ʊ/, e.g.लʼत्त/lə̌tː/ 'leg'.

ʼ (no case)

1. The thirty-thirdletter of theGuaraníalphabet, calledpuso, used for theglottal stop.

ʼ (no case)

1. (obsolete) thelateral clicks, modern⟨ǁ⟩. (Besides plain⟨ʼ⟩, it is also used for the lateral click consonants⟨ʼkʼgʼnʼhʼkh⟩.)

   See alsoꞏ,꞉,ʻ.

• CapitalҺ(H), lower-caseһ(h).

• IPA^(key): /ʰ/

ʼ (no case)

1. The eleventh letter of theKildin Sami Cyrillic alphabet

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,А̄ а̄,Ӓ ӓ,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Е̄ е̄,Ё ё,Ё̄ ё̄,Ж ж,З з,Һ һ,ʼ,И и,Ӣ ӣ,Й й,Ј ј,Ҋ ҋ,К к,Л л,Ӆ ӆ,М м,Ӎ ӎ,Н н,Ӊ ӊ,Ӈ ӈ,О о,О̄ о̄,П п,Р р,Ҏ ҏ,С с,Т т,У у,Ӯ ӯ,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Ҍ ҍ,Э э,Э̄ э̄,Ӭ ӭ,Ю ю,Ю̄ ю̄,Я я,Я̄ я̄

• ʔ in Liqʼwala dialect

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. Aletter of the Kwak'walaalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• Uʼmista
• (Latin-script letters)A a,A̱ a̱,B b,D d,Dł dł,Dz dz,E e,G g,Gw gw,G̱ g̱,G̱w g̱w,H h,I i,K k,Kw kw,K̓ k̓,K̓w k̓w,Ḵ ḵ,Ḵw ḵw,Ḵ̓ ḵ̓,Ḵ̓w ḵ̓w,L l,ʼL ʼl,Ł ł,M m,ʼM ʼm,N n,ʼN ʼn,O o,P p,P̓ p̓,S s,T t,T̓ t̓,Tł tł,T̓ł t̓ł,Ts ts,T̓s t̓s,U u,W w,ʼW ʼw,X x,Xw xw,X̱ x̱,X̱w x̱w,Y y,ʼY ʼy,ʼ

• Liq̓ʷala
• (Latin-script letters)A a,Ə ə,B b,D d,Ꟛ ꟛ,Dᶻ dᶻ,E e,G g,Gʷ gʷ,Ǧ ǧ,Ǧʷ ǧʷ,H h,I i,K k,Kʷ kʷ,K̓ k̓,K̓ʷ k̓ʷ,Q q,Qʷ qʷ,Q̓ q̓,Q̓ʷ q̓ʷ,L l,L̓ l̓,Ł ł,M m,M̓ m̓,N n,N̓ n̓,O o,P p,P̓ p̓,S s,T t,T̓ t̓,Ƛ ƛ,Ƛ̓ ƛ̓,C c,C̓ c̓,U u,W w,W̓ w̓,X x,Xʷ xʷ,X̌ x̌,X̌ʷ x̌ʷ,Y y,Y̓ y̓,ʔ

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. Aletter of the Lakotaalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a (Á á),Aŋ aŋ (Áŋ áŋ),B b,Č č,Čh čh,Čʼ čʼ,E e (É é),G g,Ǧ ǧ,H h,Ȟ ȟ,Ȟʼ ȟʼ,I i (Í í),Iŋ iŋ (Íŋ íŋ),K k,Kh kh,Kȟ kȟ,Kʼ kʼ,L l,M m,N n,O o (Ó ó),P p,Ph ph,Pȟ pȟ,Pʼ pʼ,S s,Sʼ sʼ,Š š,Šʼ šʼ,T t,Th th,Tȟ tȟ,Tʼ tʼ,U u (Ú ú),Uŋ uŋ (Úŋ úŋ),W w,Y y,Z z,Ž ž,ʼ

ʼ (no case)

1. High lexicaltone with a finalplosive consonant.

A final glottal stop is unwritten. Thus /a/ with a final plosive and high tone is writtenabʼ adʼ agʼ aʼ for[áp át ák áʔ].High tone is written⟨ˮ⟩ with a final vowel or nasal.

ʼ

1. The forty-seventhletter of theLisualphabet.

• Used to indicatenasalisation and is combined with tone marks.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ

1. Aletter of theMam alphabet.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ

1. The nineteenth letter of the Navajo alphabet. It is used before or after a vowel to indicate a glottal stop.

Every Navajo word begins with either the glottal stop or another consonant. If an orthographic vowel begins a word, it is pronounced with a glottal stop:ooljééʼ (sometimes spelledʼooljééʼ).

⟨ʼ⟩ forms the following Navajo letters:chʼ,kʼ,tʼ,tłʼ,tsʼ.

• saad niyíłtłáádígíí
• Appendix:Navajo alphabet

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. Theletter of the O'odhamalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. Aletter of the Pilagáalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B̶ b̶,Č č,D d,E e,G g,꟎ ꟏,H h,I i,K k,L l,Ꟛ ꟛ,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,O o,P p,Q q,S s,T t,W w,Y y,ʼ

• ´

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. Theletter of the Senecaalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (phoneme):IPA^(key): /ʔ/
• (letter name):IPA^(key): /alef/

ʼ (no case)

1. The firstletter of the Somalialphabet, calledalef and written in theLatin script.

• This is the first letter of theSomali alphabet, which followsArabicabjad order. It is followed byB. It is rarely used in the initial position.

• (Latin-script letters)ʼ,B b,T t,J j,X x,Kh kh,D d,R r,S s,Sh sh,Dh dh,C c,G g,F f,Q q,K k,L l,M m,N n,W w,H h,Y y,A a,E e,I i,O o,U u

ʼ (no case)

1. The forty-eighthletter of the Tabasaranalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Аь аь,Б б,В в,Г г,Гъ гъ,Гь гь,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Къ къ,Кь кь,Кӏ кӏ,Л л,М м,Н н,О о,П п,Пӏ пӏ,Р р,С с,Т т,Тӏ тӏ,У у,Уь уь,Ф ф,Х х,Хъ хъ,Хь хь,Ц ц,Цӏ цӏ,Ч ч,Чӏ чӏ,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,ӏ ӏ,ʼ

• ⟨ʻ⟩

• (phoneme)IPA^(key): /ʔ/
• (letter)IPA^(key): /ʔeta/

ʼ (no case)

1. A letter of the Tahitian alphabet, theʻeta.

All Tahitian lemmas on Wiktionary use theʻokina⟨ʻ⟩ as the Unicode character for this letter, but Tahitian Wikipedia uses this form.

• (phoneme)IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ʼ (no case)

1. The thirty-fifthletter of the Tundra Nenetsalphabet, written in theCyrillic script.

Marks instances of the glottal stop/ʔ/ that alternate with nasal consonantsн(n°)/n/,ӈ(ŋ°)/ŋ/ in inflection, in contrast with the letterˮ. Often transcribedh in scholarly works.

• (Cyrillic-script letters)А а,Б б,В в,Г г,Д д,Е е,Ё ё,Ж ж,З з,И и,Й й,К к,Л л,М м,Н н,Ӈ ӈ,О о,П п,Р р,С с,Т т,У у,Ф ф,Х х,Ц ц,Ч ч,Ш ш,Щ щ,Ъ ъ,Ы ы,Ь ь,Э э,Ю ю,Я я,ʼ,ˮ

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