ſ U+017F,ſ LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S ←ž [U+017E] Latin Extended-A ƀ → [U+0180]

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Long s

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ſ (upper caseS)

1. (obsolete or archaic) Thelong s, a form of the letteress (S).

• ẞ,ß
• ſt (ſt)
• Ꟗꟗ (Archaic) Scots S

• (Latin-script letters)letter;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

ſ (lower case,upper caseS,pluralſsorſ's)

1. (archaic)The nineteenthletter of the Englishalphabet, calledlong s,medial s, ordescending s and written in theLatin script.
   • 1574,Iohn Caluine, translated byThomas Norton,The Institution of Christian Religion, London: […] [T]he widowe of Reginalde Wolffe,title page andTable page:

     VVritten in Latine by M.Iohn Caluine, and tranſlated into Engliſ he according to the authors laſt edition, Bythomas norton.[…] And the redemptorſ hall come to Sion,and vnto thẽ that turne frõ their vvickednes in Iacob.

   • 1595,William Perkins,A Golden Chaine, or The Description Oe Theologie, page16:

     God is not onely a bare permiſsiue agent in an euill worke, but a powerfull effectour of theſame[…]

   • 1640,The Proceedings of the Commissioners Sent from the Parliament of Scotland to the King, page52:

     The Lord Commiſsionerſheweth, that it is his Majeſties will that the Parliament be prorogated to the 2. of June, and that by his Majeſties authority only: of the prorogation, the prætenſion is pag. 30.

   • 1669,An Embassy from the East-India Company on the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperor of China,pages20–21:

     So upon the 20. ofAugust Mr.Frederick Schzdel a Merchant,ſetſail in the good Ship called the Brown Fiſh, very richly freighted with allſorts of Merchandizes fromTaiwan toCanton; and after nine daysſail, landed in theCanton River, at a place calledHeytamon.

   • 1702,Francisco de Quevedo-Villegas, translated byRoger Lestrange,The Visions of Dom Francisco de Quevedo-Villegas. Knight of the Order of S^t. James., London: […] B. Harris, page 1:

     THE FIRST VISION OF THEAlgouazil (or Catchpole)Poſſest.

   • 1767,Henry Fielding,The Works of Henry Fielding: In Twelve Volumes, with the Life of the Author, volume 3, page273:

     Dor. I have been told, noble Squire, that you once impos’d a certain lady for Dulcinea on your maſter; now what think you if this young lady hereſhould perſonate that incomparable princeſs? /Jez. Who, I? /San. Adod! your princeſsſhip has hit it; for he has neverſeen this Dulcinea, nor has any body elſe, that I can hear of;

   • 1783, Joseph Ritson,Remarks, Critical and Illustrative, on the Text and Notes of the Last Edition of Shakspeare, page223:

     But he does notſtab him for his treachery toward hisſelf[…]

   • 1785, Vicesimus Knox,Liberal Education: Or, a Practical Treatiſe on the Methods of Acquiring Uſeful and Polite Learning, vol. II, pp. 1 & 3, section XXXI: On the regulation of puerile diverſions:

     Many fanciful methods have been invented by thoſe who wiſhed to render puerileſports conducive to improvement. I never found that they wereſucceſsful.

     I muſt own myſelf an advocate for puerile liberty*, during the alloted hours of relaxation. Boys have much reſtraint and confinement in the time ofſtudy.

     Thoſe of the effeminate kindſuperinduce effeminacy; weakneſs of mind, no leſs than imbecility of body. Somethingſimilar happens in puerile diverſions. The boy who has been kept in leading-ſtrings too long, and reſtrained from hardyſports by the fondneſs of his mother, willſcarcely ever become a man; or poſſeſs that becomingſpirit which can enable him to act his part with propriety.

   • 1796,John Hatsell,Precedents of Proceedings in the House of Commons: With Observations, page102:

     75. On the 11th of May, 1759, the Lords amend a turnpike road Bill, by inſerting a clauſe, “That no gateſhall be erected within a mile of Enſham Ferry”. The conſideration of this amendment is reſolved,nemine contradicente, to be put off for a month.

   • 1892,Richard Le Gallienne,English Poems, London:Elkin Mathews andJohn Lane atThe Bodley Head; New York: The Cassell Publishing Company, […],page [iii]:

     Engliſh Poems /[…]/ New York: The Caſsell Publiſhing Company, 104, Fourth Aven^e.

   • 2018, “Do you deem it to be ſenſible to bring back the long ‘s’?”, inQuora‎^[1], archived fromthe original on06 June 2023:

     Do you deem it to beſenſible to bring back the long ‘s’?[…]
     It wouldſuck.

• This is thelong,medial, ordescending s, as distinct from theshort orterminal s (s).
• In Roman andFraktur script, the long S was typically used everywhere except at the end of words, where the short S was used, with exceptions:
  • The use of short S at the end of words was sometimes maintained even in derivative or compound words, as for examplehisſelf (his + (-)ſelf),ſucceſsful (ſucceſs + -ful),princeſsſhip (see the 1767 quotation).
  • Short S was sometimes used before letters with left-side ascenders, like b, f, or long ſ, which the top curl of a long S would overlap, making the sequence either difficult to print or unaesthetic, hence e.g.whisker instead ofwhiſker. An alternative was to insert a space between the long S and the ascender (whiſ ker), or use a ligature.^[1]
  • Some documents wrote or typesetss asſs, e.g. inneceſsary, either as a deviation from all nonfinals beingſ (especially in handwriting), or as a deviation from alls beings (as in theUS Declaration of Independence: "When in the Course of human events, it becomes neceſsary for one people to diſsolve...", orUS Constitution: "the first Claſs shall...").
• This distinction occurred only in minuscule (lowercase); the single majuscule (uppercase) formS was used regardless of word-position.
• Sometimes “st” was used instead of “ſt”.

ſ(archaic)

1. Thelong s, a form of the (lowercase) letters.
   • 1543,Mikael Agricola,Abckiria, Stockholm: Amund Laurentsson:

     Mengetteſijs / opetaca caici pacanat / ette he piteuet caici mite mine olen teille keſkenyt / kaſtaden heite nimen Iſen / ia poian / ia pyhen hengen.

     [Menkäätte siis, opettakaa kaikki pakanat, että he pitävät kaikki, mitä minä olen teille käskenyt, kastaen heitä nimeen Isän, ja pojan, ja Pyhän Hengen.]

     Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.

   • 1908 [1870],Aleksis Kivi, chapter 1, inSeitsemän veljestä, Helsinki: Yrjö Weilin:

     Sen läheiſin ympäristö on kiwinen tanner; mutta alempana alkaa pellot, joisſa, ennenkuin talo oli häwiöön mennyt, aaltoili teräinen wilja.

     Next to it stood a rocky field; but further down are the fields, where fertile grain once waved, before the house had fallen on hard times.

• The long s was in regular use in Finnish texts written infraktur (blackletter), which was the most common type until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. When Finnish texts began using Roman type, the long s also fell out of use.
• At first, the short s was only used at the end of a word and long s in other positions (with some exceptions). Over time, short s became more common, and during the 19th century, the short s was generally used at the end of a syllable and the long s at the beginning of a syllable.

ſ

1. (obsolete)A letter formerly used to represent the sound/z/, now replaced byz, and in the trigraphſch, corresponding to modernś; used primarily in texts written inFraktur.

• (Latin-script letters)pismik;A a,B b,C c,Č č,Ć ć,D d,E e,Ě ě,F f,G g,H h,Ch ch,I i,J j,K k,Ł ł,L l,M m,N n,Ń ń,O o (Ó ó),P p,R r,Ŕ ŕ,S s,Š š,Ś ś,T t,U u,W w,Y y,Z z,Ž ž,Ź ź
• (obsolete letters)B́b́,Ėė,Ḿḿ,Ṕṕ,ſ,ß,Ꞩẜ,Ẃẃ

ſ

1. typographical variant ofs, typically used for all instances except a final -s

ſ

1. An alternative form ofs

• Although it was used in Old English manuscripts,ſ is usually converted tos in modern editions of Old English texts; compare theBeowulf manuscriptæþeliᵹaſ with the normal transcriptionæþelingas.

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