Borrowed from aTurkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), fromProto-Turkic*ūŕ(“master, craftsman”). CompareKarakhanidاُوزْ(ūz,“skillful”) andMongolianур(ur,“handicraft, skill, craft”) which was probably also borrowed from Turkic.[3]
Így szól azÚr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok azÚr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.
Thus says theLord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am theLord your God, who teaches you for your own good, who leads you in the way you should go.
^úr in Károly Gerstner, editor,Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics /Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2025.
^Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975),Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag
úr in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
The many descendants show a clear connection with precipitation, often coupled with wind, but varies greatly in terms of what precipitation is specified, from snow, to rain, to drizzle etc, as well as the strength of wind, from light wind, to storm. Compare dialectalDanishur(“haze”), OldIcelandicúr(“drizzle, spray”),Norwegianur(“rainy weather in the mountains”),yr(“drizzle; dew; snowfall”),yra(“to drizzle”),Swedishur(“windy precipitation; blustery and profuse snowfall”),i ur och skur(“through stormy snow and rain”, literally“inur and shower”),yr(“windy precipitation; blustery and profuse snowfall; swirling, bluster; drizzle, spray”),yra(“snowstorm”), dialectalSwedishura(“to drizzle”),Gutnishstarur(“springtime snowy or rainy weather”, literally“starling-ur”).
The common wind-component might be a later introduction; compare the compunds ofNorwegianyrvær(“blowing snow, snowstorm”),Swedishurväder(“bad weather involvingur”),yrväder(“blustery weather; blowing snow, snowstorm”), recorded from ca. 1430, compoundingur/yr, withweather, which initially meant “air in motion, blowing”.
