ë
- (NAPA) a close-mid back unrounded vowel (IPA [ɤ]).
ë
- (lexicography, dated)An orthographic⟨e⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being theFACE vowel, as in the word "cafe".
ë (lower caseË)
- The eighthletter of the Albanianalphabet, written in theLatin script.
- (Latin-script letters)shkronjë;A a,B b,C c,Ç ç,D d,Dh dh,E e,Ë ë,F f,G g,Gj gj,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,Ll ll,M m,N n,Nj nj,O o,P p,Q q,R r,Rr rr,S s,Sh sh,T t,Th th,U u,V v,X x,Xh xh,Y y,Z z,Zh zh
ë
- The augment for class 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 nouns.
augments
- a(classes 2, 6, 6b, 16)
- i(class 10)
- ö(classes 1, 3, 11, 13)
- Justo Bolekia (2009),Diccionario español-bubi, Akal,→ISBN, page23
ë (uppercaseË)
- The sixthletter of the Calamian Tagbanwaalphabet, calledi patumbuk and written in theLatin script.
- (Latin-script letters)litra;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,Ë ë,F f,G g,G̓ g̓,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,Ng ng,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,S̃ s̃,T t,T̃ t̃,U u,V v,W w,W̓ w̓,X x,Y y,Z z
ë (upper caseË)
- Aletter of the Chipewyanalphabet, written in theLatin script.
ë (upper caseË)
- Aletter of the Dinkaalphabet, written in theLatin script.
ë (lower caseË)
- the letter “e” in words when it must be pronounced separately and not associated with preceding letter. E.g. “-gue” is normally pronounced/ɡ/ but “-guë” is pronounce/ɡy/ (as inaiguë,ciguë); “œ” is normally pronounced/e/ or/ɛ/ but “oë” is pronounced/o.ɛ/ (like introëne,Noël)
- IPA(key): /e/ (in dialects wheree = /ɛ/)
- IPA(key): /ɛ/ (in dialects wheree = /æ/)
ë (lower case,upper caseË)
- Theclose-mid front unrounded vowel as used in several Hungarian dialects;[1][2] more closed than the sound ofe and shorter than that ofé; used instead ofe in certain, lexically determined places.
- Synonym:zárte(literally“closede”)
- The symbol to indicate this sound.[3]
It can distinguish certain words that are otherwise homophones in the current standard (so it can act like aphoneme), e.g.nem:nem(“gender, genus”) andnëm(“not”);[4]mentek:mentëk(“I save”),mentek(“exempt [plural]”),mëntëk(“you go [plural]”), andmëntek(“they went”).[5]
- (Latin-script letters)betű;A a,Á á,B b,C c,Cs cs,D d,Dz dz,Dzs dzs,E e,É é,F f,G g,Gy gy,H h,I i,Í í,J j,K k,L l,Ly ly,M m,N n,Ny ny,O o,Ó ó,Ö ö,Ő ő,P p,R r,S s,Sz sz,T t,Ty ty,U u,Ú ú,Ü ü,Ű ű,V v,Z z,Zs zs.Only in the extended alphabet:Q qW wX xY y.Commonly used: ch.Also defined: à ë.In surnames (selection):äaaczdseéeöewoeoóthts ÿ.
- ^…a zártë-t azonban lakosságunknak körülbelül 60%-a megkülönbözteti a nyílte-től, tehát sokak számára természetes. Nem csupán nyelvjárási jelenség tehát, bár a nagyvárosi beszédből valóban hiányzik. (“…however, closedë is distinguished from opene by approximately 60% of our population, so it is natural for many. Therefore, it is not only a dialectal phenomenon, although it is indeed missing from urban speech.”) In: Zimányi, Árpád.Nyelvhelyesség (’Standard Usage’). Eger: EKF Líceum Kiadó, 2005. A hatodik kiadás digitális változata (’Digital version of the sixth edition’), page 18.
- ^Especially in the WesternTransdanubian, Central Transdanubian, and theSzékely/Szeklerdialects. In: A. Jászó, Anna, editor.A magyar nyelv könyve (’A Book of the Hungarian Language’). Eighth edition. Budapest: Trezor Kiadó, 2007. (First edition: 1991.)→ISBN, pp. 665–676.
- ^See in square brackets e.g. by clicking the declension code “2B” atelv in Nóra Ittzés, editor,A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031(work in progress; publisheda–ez as of 2024). as well as at the top of the entry ofember in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN..
- ^Ëe-ző szótár. Alapszókincs (Kiejtes.hu)
- ^Buvári Márta: Az „ë-zés” köznyelvisége (Kiejtes.hu)
- A zártë rendszere, szabályai és mércéje a magyar köznyelvben. “The system, rules, and yardstick of closed ë in standard Hungarian” by András Mészáros (with an extensive list of minimal pairs in Appendix 1 and partly in Appendix 2; Kiejtes.hu)
- Mindent a zártë hangról “Everything on the closed ë sound” by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
- Ilyen lënne az új helyësírás “This is what the new spelling would be like” by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
- Fejes László tévedései pontokba szedve “Mr. László Fejes’ mistakes, itemized” by András Mészáros (Kiejtes.hu)
- Section 89 in A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 12. kiadás (’The Rules of Hungarian Orthography, 12th edition’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2015.→ISBN
- ë in Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.).Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (“A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian”). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition→ISBN.Online searchable version (under development)
- Mészáros, András.Igényës (ë-ző) kiejtési kisszótár : adalékok a 15 magánhangzós magyar köznyelvi kiejtés mércéjének kialakításához. “Pocket dictionary of a discerning (ë-) pronunciation: contributions to shaping everyday standard Hungarian with 15 vowels.” 2nd, rev. ed. Bicske: Gondos Bt., 1999.→ISBN
- IPA(key): /ˈɜ/
- Rhymes:-ɜ
- Syllabification:ë
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theKashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, andë for development of the glyph itself.
ë (lower case,upper caseË)
- The ninthletter of the Kashubianalphabet, written in theLatin script.
- (Latin-script letters)A a,Ą ą,Ã ã,B b,C c,D d,E e,É é,Ë ë,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,Ł ł,M m,N n,O o,Ò ò,Ó ó,Ô ô,P p,R r,S s,T t,U u,Ù ù,W w,Y y,Z z,Ż ż
ë
- alternative form ofi
- Stefan Ramułt (1893), “é”, inSłownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page35
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “i”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[1], volume 1, page515
- “ë”, inInternetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby,2022
ë (upper caseË)
- Theopen-mid central unrounded vowel as used in theGherdëina variant of Ladin.
- (Latin-script letters)A a (À à,Á á,Ä ä),B b,C c,D d,E e (Ë ë,É é,È è),F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,L l,M m,N n,O o (Ò ò,Ó ó,Ö ö),P p,Q q,R r,S s (Ś ś),T t,U u (Ù ù,Ú ú,Ü ü),V v,Z z
ë (upper caseË)
- Aletter of the Luxembourgishalphabet, written in theLatin script.
The letterë indicates the sound/ɛ/, which is distinguished fromẹ/e/ and, inUpper German dialects, fromä/æ/. All of these were usually spelte in the manuscripts, though for/æ/ the spellingsa andaͤ also occur.
/ɛ/ usually derives from West Germanic*e (as inëȥȥen) and*i (as inlëben), inCentral German also from secondary umlaut of*a (which last is Upper German/æ/), while/e/ generally derives from primary umlaut of*a. (Secondary umlaut is umlaut before certain clusters likeht, or in syllables not immediately preceding the triggering*i, *j.)
ë
- A letter sometimes used in normalised Middle High German spelling. It is optional in editions and never found in actual manuscripts.
ë (upper caseË)
- Aletter of the Noonalphabet, written in theLatin script.
ë (lower case,upper caseË)
- (International Standard)The lettere with theumlaut.
Although it is pronounced the same asä, it indicates a dialectal pronunciation ofe.[1]
- (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,X x,I i,J j,K k,Kh kh,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Ph ph,R r,S s,T t,Th th,U u,V v,Z zInternational Standard:(À à,Ä ä,Ǎ ǎ),Ć ć,Ćh ćh, (È è,Ë ë,Ě ě), (Ì ì,Ï ï,Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò,Ö ö,Ǒ ǒ),Rr rr,Ś ś, (Ù ù,Ü ü,Ǔ ǔ),Ź ź,Ʒ ʒ,Q q,Ç ç,ϴ θ.Pan-Vlax:Č č,Čh čh,Dž dž, (Dź dź),Ř ř,Š š, (Ś ś),Ž ž, (Ź ź).
- ^Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “ë”, inニューエクスプレス ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha,→ISBN, page16
- Marcel Courthiade (2009), “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor,Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher,→ISBN, page499
- “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, inR.E.D-RROM[2], 2 October 2021 (last accessed)
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
ë (lower case,upper caseË)
- (linguistics)Letter used for transcription ofRussianЁ /ё.
LetterE with diaeresis (¨) to signifycentralization.
- (Resian, phoneme):IPA(key): /ə/
ë (lower case,upper caseË)
- The ninthletter of the Slovenealphabet (Resian), written in theLatin script.
- Toporišič, Jože (2001), “Slovaropisna pravila”, inSlovenski pravopis (in Slovene), Ljubljana: ZRCSAZU,→ISBN, page178
- Steenwijk, Han (1994),Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (overall work in Italian and Slovene), Padua: CLEUP
Inherited fromProto-Slavic*i.
- IPA(key): /ˈə/
- Rhymes:-ə
- Syllabification:ë
ë
- coordinating conjunction;and
ë
- Introduces interrogative sentences.
ë (lower case,upper caseË)
- the lettere with adiaeresis representing aschwa
- InTagalog and its standardized formFilipino,ë is used to represent theschwa, particularly in words originating from other Philippine languages, for instanceMaranao (Mëranaw),Pangasinan,Ilocano, andIbaloi. Before introduction of this letter, the schwa was ambiguously represented bya ore.
- Writing the diaeresis is recommended but not required as long as the reader is aware that the unaccented form is supposed to sound like a schwa (/ə/).
- The use of thediaeresis to represent the central vowelschwa is possibly inspired by the use of thediaeresis in theIPA to representcentralization.
- (Latin-script letters)titik;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,Ng ng,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z
- (phoneme):IPA(key): /ˈeː/,/ˌɛ/
ë (upper caseË)
- The letter E, marked for its syllabic pronunciation distinct from adjacent vowels.
