• ǽm(Würzburg and Milan glosses)
• ám(St. Gall glosses and Tallaght monasterial diaries)
• éim

• IPA^(key): [eːβ̃],[eːβ̃ʲ]

ém

1. indeed,for sure,truly
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb.2^c4

     Cain ro·noíbad Abracham tri hiris? In treeǽm didiu fa nacc?

     Hasn’t Abraham been sanctified through faith? Through it thenindeed or not?

Used to affirmatively reinforce a statement in which this particle is inserted.

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 éim, ém”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ám”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940)D. A. Binchy andOsborn Bergin, transl.,A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,→ISBN,§ 880, page549; reprinted2017

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading ofChinese掩(SV:yểm). Compareẻm, a dialectal synonym.

• (Hà Nội)IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˧˦]
• (Huế)IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˦˧˥]
• (Saigon)IPA^(key): [ʔɛm˦˥]

ém

1. tohide, toconceal, tokeep quiet

• Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
• Old Irish lemmas
• Old Irish particles
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• Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese
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