ä U+00E4,ä LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS Composition: a [U+0061] +◌̈ [U+0308] ←ã [U+00E3] Latin-1 Supplement å → [U+00E5]

ä

1. (IPA) Sometimes used to transcribe anopen central unrounded vowel, as⟨a⟩ is officially an open front vowel.
2. (UPA) Anopen front unrounded vowel (IPA[æ]).
3. (superscript⟨ᵃ̈⟩, UPA) an extremely short or fleetingä.
4. (actuarial notation)Annuity-due.

   ä_n̅| ―n-year annuity-due

   ä_x:n̅| ―n-year annuity-due to a person currently age x

   ä_x ―life annuity-due to a person currently age x

   ${\displaystyle {}_{k|}{\ddot{a}}_{x:\overline{n|}}^{(m)}}$ ―k-year deferred life annuity-due to a person currently age x, compounded m-thly

ä

1. (lexicography)A dictionary transcription for thePALM vowel

Inherited fromProto-Yeniseian*axʷ(“I”). CompareKottai(“I”) andPumpokolad(“I”). Also seeAssanaj.

ä

1. I(first-person singular subjective)

• aj

• aiŋ

• IPA^(key): /a̤/

ä (upper caseÄ)

1. Aletter of the Dinkaalphabet, written in theLatin script.

ä f

1. island

SeeÄ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈæː/

ä (lower case,upper caseÄ)

1. The twenty-eighthletter of the Estonianalphabet, calledää and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)täht;A a,B b (C c),D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p (Q q),R r,S s,Š š,Z z,Ž ž,T t,U u,V v (W w),Õ õ,Ä ä,Ö ö,Ü ü (X x,Y y)

SeeÄ.

• Audio;“ää,häkä,sää,määräys,ää”:

  (file)

ä (lower case,upper caseÄ)

1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Finnishalphabet, calledää and written in theLatin script.

In case of technical restrictions,ä should be represented bya (notae, as in German).

• (Latin-script letters)kirjain;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s (Š š),T t,U u,V v (W w),X x,Y y,Z z (Ž ž),Å å,Ä ä,Ö ö

ä n (strong,genitiveäoräs,pluraläoräs)

1. alternative form ofÄ

• “ä” inDuden online
• “ä” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

• (phoneme)IPA^(key): /æ/

ä (upper caseÄ)

1. The thirdletter of the Livonianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)kēratē’ḑ;A a,Ā ā,Ä ä,Ǟ ǟ,B b,D d,Ḑ ḑ,E e,Ē ē,F f,G g,H h,I i,Ī ī,J j,K k,L l,Ļ ļ,M m,N n,Ņ ņ,O o,Ō ō,Ȯ ȯ,Ȱ ȱ,Õ õ,Ȭ ȭ,P p,R r,Ŗ ŗ,S s,Š š,T t,Ț ț,U u,Ū ū,V v,Z z,Ž ž

• IPA^(key): [ɛ](short vowel)
• IPA^(key): [ɛː](long vowel, speltää)

ä (lower case,upper caseÄ)

1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring)Aletter of the North Frisianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, single ⟨ä⟩ occurs only in word-final position. Elsewhere,[ɛ] is represented by ⟨e⟩.
• Mooring Frisian uses ⟨ä⟩ for any[ɛ], the single letter ⟨e⟩ being reserved for the reduced vowel[ə],[ɐ].
• Sylt Frisian does not use ⟨ä⟩ at all. Long[ɛː] occurs only before ⟨r⟩ in this dialect and is represented by ⟨ē,ai,ia⟩.

• (North Frisian letters):a,ä,å,ā,b,c,d,đ,e,ē,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,ö,p,r,s,t,u,ü,v,w (q,x,y,z)

• IPA^(key): (^[1])/ɨ/,(^[2])/ə/

ä (lower case,upper caseÄ)

1. (International Standard)Used to represent a dialectal centralized vowel.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,X x,I i,J j,K k,Kh kh,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Ph ph,R r,S s,T t,Th th,U u,V v,Z zInternational Standard:(À à,Ä ä,Ǎ ǎ),Ć ć,Ćh ćh, (È è,Ë ë,Ě ě), (Ì ì,Ï ï,Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò,Ö ö,Ǒ ǒ),Rr rr,Ś ś, (Ù ù,Ü ü,Ǔ ǔ),Ź ź,Ʒ ʒ,Q q,Ç ç,ϴ θ.Pan-Vlax:Č č,Čh čh,Dž dž, (Dź dź),Ř ř,Š š, (Ś ś),Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• (phoneme)IPA^(key): /a/

ä (upper caseÄ)

1. The thirty-sixthletter of the Skolt Samialphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)bukva;A a, â,B b,C c,Č č,Ʒ ʒ,Ǯ ǯ,D d,Đ đ,E e,F f,G g,Ǧ ǧ,Ǥ ǥ,H h,I i,J j,K k,Ǩ ǩ,L l,M m,N n,Ŋ ŋ,O o,Õ õ,P p,R r,S s,Š š,T t,U u,V v,Z z,Ž ž,Å å,Ä ä,ʹ

• (phoneme)IPA^(key): /ɛ/,/ɛɐ̯/

ä (upper caseÄ)

1. The thirdletter of the Slovakalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)písmeno;A a,Á á,Ä ä,B b,C c,Č č,D d,Ď ď,Dz dz,Dž dž,E e,É é,F f,G g,H h,Ch ch,I i,Í í,J j,K k,L l,Ĺ ĺ,Ľ ľ,M m,N n,Ň ň,O o,Ó ó,Ô ô,P p,Q q,R r,Ŕ ŕ,S s,Š š,T t,Ť ť,U u,Ú ú,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Ý ý,Z z,Ž ž

• “ä”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025

FromGermanä, with its corresponding pronunciation, which is still used by some speakers, however, the majority of speakers have vernacularized the pronunciation to a long close-mid vowel regardless of the initial pronunciation.

• (phoneme):IPA^(key): /éː/,/èː/,[ɛ́ː]
• (letter name, common):IPA^(key): /prɛɡlaʃɛ̀ːni àː/,/prɛɡlaʃɛ̀ːni áː/ (preglašeni a)
• (letter name, educated):IPA^(key): /ɛ̀ː/,/ɛ́ː/
• Rhymes:-ɛː
• Homophone:e

ä (lower case,upper caseÄ)

1. Additional letter in Slovene common mostly in loanwords fromGerman.

ä m inan

1. (educated)The name of theLatin script letterÄ /ä.

It is more common to use the namepreglašeni a than to use this name.

• Overall more common

Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

• More common when with a definite adjective

• (sound)IPA^(key): [æ]

ä

1. (SNPT)Phonetictranscription of dialectal sound[æ].

Lettera with diaeresis (¨) to signifycentralization.

• (Resian)IPA^(key): /ɐ/

ä (lower case,upper caseÄ)

1. The secondletter of the Slovenealphabet (Resian), written in theLatin script.

• a
• à
• á
• ã
• å
• ā
• ą
• ȁ
• ȃ
• ȧ

• Kenda-Jež, Karmen (27 February 2017),Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription]‎^[1] (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni centerSAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived fromthe original on22 January 2022, pages27–30
• Steenwijk, Han (1994),Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (overall work in Italian and Slovene), Padua: CLEUP

• IPA^(key): /ə/

ä (upper caseÄ)

1. Aletter of the Southern Tutchonealphabet, written in theLatin script.

• æ,aͤ(archaic)
• ā(handwriting)

Letter name

• IPA^(key): /æː/

• Audio:

  (file)

Phoneme

• IPA^(key): /æː/,/æ/,/ɛː/,/ɛ/

Originally a ligature of A and E. During the 16th century, the letter began to be written as an A with a lower case e on top (Aͤ respectively aͤ). During the first decades of the 18th century, the use of umlaut emerged.

ä (lower case,upper caseÄ)

1. The second last letter of theSwedish alphabet, pronounced/æː/ when long,/æ/ when short. In Central Swedish, these phonemes are partially merged with long/eː/ and short/ɛ/.

ä

1. (colloquial, Internetslang, text messaging)pronunciation spelling ofär

• ä in Svensk ordbok.

• (Latin-script letters)bokstav;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z,Å å,Ä ä,Ö ö

ä

1. axe

• Gamarra A., Enrique; Villagra S., Inocencio (1980),Llëbo ñaglo lok kibokwogo ëre e lanyo = Vocabulario ilustrado teribe-español‎^[2] (overall work in Teribe and Spanish), Instituto Nacional de Cultura & Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page92

• (phoneme)IPA^(key): /æ/,/æː/

ä (upper caseÄ)

1. The sixthletter of the Turkmenalphabet, calledä and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)harp;A a,B b,Ç ç,D d,E e,Ä ä,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,Ž ž,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ň ň,O o,Ö ö,P p,R r,S s,Ş ş,T t,U u,Ü ü,W w,Y y,Ý ý,Z z

ä

1. Verbal prefix for the imperfect tense.

• (phoneme):IPA^(key): /ˈaː/,/ˌa/

ä (upper caseÄ)

1. The letter A, marked for its syllabic pronunciation distinct from adjacent vowels.

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