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ár

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "ar"

Faroese

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ɔaːɹ]
Rhymes:-ɔaːɹ

n3	singular		plural
n3	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ár	árið	ár	árini
accusative	ár	árið	ár	árini
dative	ári	árinum	árum	árunum
genitive	árs	ársins	ára	áranna

Etymology 2

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FromOld Norseár, fromProto-Germanic*airō. Cognates include:Old Englishār(“oar”) (Englishoar).

Noun

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ár f (genitive singularárar, pluralárar)

Declension

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f6	singular		plural
f6	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ár	árin	árar	árarnar
accusative	ár	árina	árar	árarnar
dative	ár	árini	árum	árunum
genitive	árar	árarinnar	ára	áranna

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈaːr]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-aːr
Hyphenation:ár

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from a (likely Iranian) descendant ofProto-Indo-Iranian*Hargʰás (compareSanskritअर्घ(arghá,“worth, value”)), such asAlanic*arγa-.^[1] In the past assumed to have been inherited fromProto-Finno-Ugric*arwa which in turn would have been borrowed from Indo-Iranian, and thus cognate withProto-Finnic*arvo(“worth, value”), but the Finnic word is more likely a parallel borrowing. Possibly also related toErzya[script needed](arśems).

Noun

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ár (pluralárak)

price
borsosár ―an exorbitantprice
borsosára van ―cost a pretty penny, costan arm and a leg
(figuratively)cost(a negative consequence or loss that occurs or is required to occur)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ár	árak
accusative	árat	árakat
dative	árnak	áraknak
instrumental	árral	árakkal
causal-final	árért	árakért
translative	árrá	árakká
terminative	árig	árakig
essive-formal	árként	árakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	árban	árakban
superessive	áron	árakon
adessive	árnál	áraknál
illative	árba	árakba
sublative	árra	árakra
allative	árhoz	árakhoz
elative	árból	árakból
delative	árról	árakról
ablative	ártól	áraktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	áré	áraké
non-attributive possessive – plural	áréi	árakéi

Possessive forms ofár
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	áram	áraim
2nd person sing.	árad	áraid
3rd person sing.	ára	árai
1st person plural	árunk	áraink
2nd person plural	áratok	áraitok
3rd person plural	áruk	áraik

Derived terms

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áraz
áros(archaic)

Compound words with this term at the beginning

Compound words with this term at the end

Expressions

borsos ár

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Ugric*ϑarɜ(“temporary lake coming into being during flood”).^[2]

Noun

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ár (usuallyuncountable,pluralárak)

flood
Synonyms:árvíz,áradás
high tide,flow(as opposed to theebb)
Synonym:dagály

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ár	árak
accusative	árt	árakat
dative	árnak	áraknak
instrumental	árral	árakkal
causal-final	árért	árakért
translative	árrá	árakká
terminative	árig	árakig
essive-formal	árként	árakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	árban	árakban
superessive	áron	árakon
adessive	árnál	áraknál
illative	árba	árakba
sublative	árra	árakra
allative	árhoz	árakhoz
elative	árból	árakból
delative	árról	árakról
ablative	ártól	áraktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	áré	áraké
non-attributive possessive – plural	áréi	árakéi

Possessive forms ofár
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	áram	árjaim
2nd person sing.	árad	árjaid
3rd person sing.	árja	árjai
1st person plural	árunk	árjaink
2nd person plural	áratok	árjaitok
3rd person plural	árjuk	árjaik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning

Compound words with this term at the end

Etymology 3

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From theProto-Finno-Ugric*ora(“awl”).^[3]

Noun

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ár (pluralárak)

awl(pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ár	árak
accusative	árt	árakat
dative	árnak	áraknak
instrumental	árral	árakkal
causal-final	árért	árakért
translative	árrá	árakká
terminative	árig	árakig
essive-formal	árként	árakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	árban	árakban
superessive	áron	árakon
adessive	árnál	áraknál
illative	árba	árakba
sublative	árra	árakra
allative	árhoz	árakhoz
elative	árból	árakból
delative	árról	árakról
ablative	ártól	áraktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	áré	áraké
non-attributive possessive – plural	áréi	árakéi

Possessive forms ofár
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	áram	árjaim
2nd person sing.	árad	árjaid
3rd person sing.	árja	árjai
1st person plural	árunk	árjaink
2nd person plural	áratok	árjaitok
3rd person plural	árjuk	árjaik

Derived terms

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Compound words

árcsőrű

Etymology 4

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FromGermanAr(“are”) andFrenchare(“are”), fromLatinārea(“threshing floor”).^[4]

Noun

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ár (pluralárak)

are(accepted SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ár	árak
accusative	árt	árakat
dative	árnak	áraknak
instrumental	árral	árakkal
causal-final	árért	árakért
translative	árrá	árakká
terminative	árig	árakig
essive-formal	árként	árakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	árban	árakban
superessive	áron	árakon
adessive	árnál	áraknál
illative	árba	árakba
sublative	árra	árakra
allative	árhoz	árakhoz
elative	árból	árakból
delative	árról	árakról
ablative	ártól	áraktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	áré	áraké
non-attributive possessive – plural	áréi	árakéi

Possessive forms ofár
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	áram	árjaim
2nd person sing.	árad	árjaid
3rd person sing.	árja	árjai
1st person plural	árunk	árjaink
2nd person plural	áratok	árjaitok
3rd person plural	árjuk	árjaik

Related terms

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hektár

References

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^Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “arvo”, inSuomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish), retrieved1 January 2024
^Entry #1747 inUralonet, online Uralic etymological database of theHungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
^Entry #676 inUralonet, online Uralic etymological database of theHungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
^ár in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.).Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006,→ISBN. (See alsoits 2nd edition.)

Anagrams

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Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /auːr/,/auːr̥/
Rhymes:-auːr

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Norseár(“year”), fromProto-Germanic*jērą, fromProto-Indo-European*yeh₁r-. Cognates include:Dutchjaar andAfrikaansjaar,Englishyear,GermanJahr,Danishår,Norwegian Bokmålår andSwedishår.

Noun

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ár n (genitive singularárs,nominative pluralár)

Declension

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Declension ofár (neuter)
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ár	árið	ár	árin
accusative	ár	árið	ár	árin
dative	ári	árinu	árum	árunum
genitive	árs	ársins	ára	áranna

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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FromOld Norseár, fromProto-Germanic*airō. Cognates include:Old Englishār(“oar”) (Englishoar).^[1]

Noun

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ár f (genitive singularárar,nominative pluralárar)

Declension

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Declension ofár (feminine)
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ár	árin	árar	árarnar
accusative	ár	árina	árar	árarnar
dative	ár	árinni	árum	árunum
genitive	árar	árarinnar	ára	áranna

Derived terms

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árabátur
árinni kennir illur ræðari
koma ár sinni vel fyrir borð(“to do well for oneself”)
leggja árar í bát(“togive up”)
róa öllum árum að(“to employ all available means towards getting something done”)
taka djúpt í árinni(“to express oneself forcefully”)

Etymology 3

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Inherited fromOld Norseár, fromProto-Germanic*airi. Cognates include:Gothic𐌰𐌹𐍂(air,“early”),Old Englishār andærlice (Englishearly).^[1]

Adverb

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ár

(rare, except in the phraseár og síð)early
- 2005 May 27,Hvannadalshnjúkur mældur, RÚV:
  Þess vegna var ákveðið að beita fullkomnustu mælitæki sem völ er á til að skera úr um hversuár Hvannadalshnjúkur er í raun.
  Therefore it was decided to use the most advanced measuring equipment available to determine howold Hvannadalshnjúkur really is.

Derived terms

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árla(“early in the day”)

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

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ár f

inflection ofá(“river”):

References

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↑^1.0^1.1Alf Torp, "Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok", Oslo 1992 (reprint),→ISBN;aarlege,aar

Irish

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Irishar, fromProto-Celtic*anserom, fromProto-Indo-European*n̥serōm, from*nos(“we, us”); compareGermanunser.^[1]

Pronunciation

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(Connacht)IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/,/əɾˠ/,/ə/^[2]
(Ulster)IPA^(key): /ɛɾʲ/^[3]

Determiner

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ár(triggerseclipsis)

our
ár dteach ―our house
Ár nAthair ―Our Father

**Irish personal pronouns**
	person	conjunctive (emphatic)	disjunctive (emphatic)	possessive determiner
singular	first	mé (mise)	mo^L m'before vowel sounds
second	tú (tusa)¹	thú (thusa)	do^L d'before vowel sounds
third	m	sé (seisean)	é (eisean)	a^L
f	sí (sise)	í (ise)	a^H
n	—	ea	—
plural	first	muid,sinn (muidne,muide), (sinne)	ár^E
second	sibh (sibhse)¹	bhur^E
third	siad (siadsan)	iad (iadsan)	a^E

Etymology 2

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FromOld Irishár(“slaughter”), fromProto-Celtic*agros, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eǵro-(“hunt”); compareAncient Greekᾰ̓́γρᾱ(ắgrā,“hunt”).^[4]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/
(Ulster)IPA^(key): /aːɾˠ/

Noun

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ár m (genitive singularáir)

Declension

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Declension ofár (first declension, no plural)

bare forms
	singular
nominative	ár
vocative	aáir
genitive	áir
dative	ár

forms with thedefinite article
	singular
nominative	ant-ár
genitive	anáir
dative	leis anár donár

Derived terms

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Etymology 3

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Borrowed fromFrenchare, fromLatinarea.

Pronunciation

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(Munster, Connacht)IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/
(Ulster)IPA^(key): /aːɾˠ/

Noun

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ár m (genitive singularáir,nominative pluraláir)

are(unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension

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Declension ofár (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	ár	áir
vocative	aáir	aára
genitive	áir	ár
dative	ár	áir

forms with thedefinite article
	singular	plural
nominative	ant-ár	naháir
genitive	anáir	nan-ár
dative	leis anár donár	leis naháir

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofár
radical	eclipsis	withh-prothesis	witht-prothesis
ár	n-ár	hár	t-ár

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “5 ar (‘our’)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^Finck, F. N. (1899),Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page16
^Quiggin, E. C. (1906),A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page86
^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ár (‘slaughter’)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Mizo

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*ʔaar. Cognates includeKhumi Chinae andZouah.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /aːr˥/

Noun

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ár

chicken

Old Irish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*agrom(“slaughter”), fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eǵro-(“hunt”); compareAncient Greekᾰ̓́γρᾱ(ắgrā,“hunt”),Avestan𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬋𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍(azrōdaⁱδī,“hunt”).

Noun

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ár n (nominative pluralárorára)

slaughter,carnage
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 34^a19
  donaibaraib
  glossesadstrages
defeat,destruction
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 33^d4
  duár
  glossesadcedem
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 113^b4
  etarcnaeáir mo namat
  glossesdecede hostium

Inflection

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Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ár^N	ár^N	ár^L,ára
vocative	ár^N	ár^N	ár^L,ára
accusative	ár^N	ár^N	ár^L,ára
genitive	áir^L	ár	ár^N
dative	ár^L	áraib,áirib	áraib,áirib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Irish:ár
Scottish Gaelic:àr

Mutation

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Mutation ofár
radical	lenition	nasalization
ár (pronounced with/h/ inh-prothesis environments)	ár	n-ár

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

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Pronunciation

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(9th century West Norse)IPA^(key): /ˈɑːr/
(13th century Icelandic)IPA^(key): /ˈɒːr/

Etymology 1

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FromProto-Norse*ᛃᚨᚱᚨ(*jara,“year; plenty”), fromProto-Germanic*jērą(“year; plenty”). Cognate withOld Englishġēar (Englishyear),Old Frisianjār,Old Saxonjār,Old Dutchjār,Old High Germanjār,Gothic𐌾𐌴𐍂(jēr).
Ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*yeh₁r-(“year”).

Noun

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ár n (genitiveárs,pluralár)

ayear
- Vǫluspá, verse 6, lines 9-10, in1860, T. Möbius,Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page2:
  […] undorn ok aptan, /árum at telja.
  […] undern and evening,/years to count.
plenty,abundance (especially ofcrops)
- Saga Sigurðar Jórsalafara 53, in1832,R. Rask,Fornmanna sögur, Volume VII. Copenhagen, page174:
  […] þvíat þá var bæðiár og friðr.
  […] since then there were bothplenty and peace.
1. (Runic alphabet) name of the runeᛅ (a)

Declension

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Declension ofár (stronga-stem)
neuter	singular		plural
neuter	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ár	árit	ár	árin
accusative	ár	árit	ár	árin
dative	ári	árinu	árum	árunum
genitive	árs	ársins	ára	áranna

Derived terms

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ár ok friðr(“plenty and peace”)
árangr(“season”)
áratal(“number of years”)
áratala(“calculation of years”)
árbót(“bettereing of the season of produce”)
árbýll(“dwelling in abundance”)
árferð(“season”)
árgallalauss(“fertile”)
árgalli(“failure of crop”)
árgangr(“year's course”)
árguð(“Frey”)
árlangt,árlengis(“for a year”)
árliga(“yearly”)
árligr(“annual, early”)
ármaðr(“steward”)
ármenning(“stewardship”)
ársamr(“fertile”)
árskyld(“yearly rent”)
ársæli(“fact of having good seasons”)
ársæll(“happy in having good seasons”)
ártal(“reckoning by years”)
ártekja(“yearly rent”)
árvænligr,árvænn(“promising a good season”)
árvíð(“anniversary of man's death”)

Descendants

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Icelandic:ár
Faroese:ár
Norwegian Nynorsk:år
- Russenorsk:aart
Norwegian Bokmål:år
Elfdalian:år
Old Swedish:ār
- Swedish:år
Old Danish:aar
- Danish:år

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Germanic*airi(“early”). Cognate withOld Englishār,Gothic𐌰𐌹𐍂(air).

Adverb

[edit]

ár (notcomparable)

early,anciently
in early morning, at dawn

Derived terms

[edit]

árla
árrisull(“inclined to rising early”)

Descendants

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Icelandic:ár,áður(áður may be from*airiz)
Faroese:áður
Norwegian Nynorsk:år
Old Swedish:*ar
⇒ Old Norse:árla
- Icelandic:árla
- Faroese:árla
- Norwegian Nynorsk:årle;(dialectal)årla
- Old Swedish:aarla,arla^[1]
  - Swedish:arla
- Danish:årle
  - Norwegian Bokmål:årle

References

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^arla inSvenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromProto-Germanic*airō(“oar”). Cognate withOld Englishār.

Noun

[edit]

ár f (genitiveárar,pluralárar)

Declension

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Declension ofár (strongō-stem)
feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ár	árin	árar	árarnar
accusative	ár	árina	árar	árarnar
dative	ár	árinni	árum	árunum
genitive	árar	árarinnar	ára	áranna

Descendants

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Icelandic:ár
Faroese:ár
Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål:åre
- Norwegian Nynorsk:år,åre
Old Swedish:ār,āra
- Swedish:åra
Danish:åre
→ Kildin Sami:а̄ррьй(ārr’j)^[1]

Etymology 4

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

[edit]

ár

genitive singular of ofá
nominative plural of ofá
accusative plural ofá

Movatterモバイル変換

Faroese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Noun

Declension

Related terms

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Adverb

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Noun

References

Irish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Determiner

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Mutation

References

Further reading

Mizo

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Old Irish

Etymology

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading

Old Norse

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension