For thepossessive’s, see-'s.

• ’s

Contractions of various words ending ins.

• (after voiceless consonants except/s/,/ʃ/,/t͡ʃ/)enPR:s,IPA^(key): /s/

  • Audio(US):

    (file)

• (after a sibilant or affricate)
  • (UK)enPR:ĭz,IPA^(key): /ɪz/
  • (US)enPR:ĭz,əz,IPA^(key): /ɪz/,/əz/
  • (General Australian)enPR:əz,IPA^(key): /əz/
• (elsewhere)enPR:z,IPA^(key): /z/
• Homophone:-s

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’s (clitic)

1. Contraction ofis.

   The dog’s running after me!

2. Contraction ofhas.

   The dog’s been chasing the mail carrier again.

3. (proscribed, dialectal, Southern US)Contraction ofwas.

   It’s a beautiful day yesterday so I’s at the park.

4. (informal)Contraction ofdoes(used only with the auxiliary meaning ofdoes and only after interrogative words).

   What’s he do for a living?

   What’s it say?

   How’s it work?

   Where’s then inJavanese come from?

• Like've, in many dialects,-'s is only used to mark the perfect aspect ("He's finished his work" = "He has finished his work"), not to signify possession ("She has something"), necessity ("It has to end"), etc. In others,'s is used more broadly; this is sometimes proscribed.

’s (clitic)

1. Contraction ofus(found in the formulalet’s which is used to form first-person pluralimperatives).

   What are you guys waiting for? Let’s go!

   • c.1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii],page277, column 2:

     Wee'le part the time betweene's then: and in that
     Ile no gaine-ſaying.

’s

1. (poetic)Contraction ofhis.

   Duncan’s in’s grave

’s

1. (UK, dialect)Contraction ofas(when it is (nonstandardly) used as a relative conjunction, or like a relative pronoun, meaning "that").

   All’s he wanted was to go home.

[[]]'s (notcomparable)

1. (UK, dialect)Contraction ofas.
   • 1922, E. F. Benson,Negotium Perambulans:

     He takes his bottle of whisky a day and gets drunk’s a lord in the evening.

Unstressed form ofdes.

's

1. it(nominative and accusative)
2. this,that

's n

1. the

Unstressed form ofse.

's

1. she
2. they,them

's

1. contraction ofse

• 's is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with avowel.

  Si us plau, calmi's. ―Please calm down.

's

1. (Sette Comuni)the;definite article for two declensions:
   1. nominative singular neuter
   2. accusative singular neuter

• z(Luserna)

's

1. (Sette Comuni)alternative form ofes(“it”)

• “'s” inMartalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974),Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

's

1. her

's

1. her

   Hi a's kwelas.

   She saw her.

's

1. their

's

1. them

   Hi a's kwelas.

   She saw them.

From'gas

's

1. Reduced form of'gas

A clitic form ofdes, thegenitive of the masculine and neuter singular articlesde andhet.

• IPA^(key): /s/

• Audio:

  (file)

’s

1. contraction ofdes

   ’s Konings baard ruikt naar uiensoep. ―The king's beard smells like onion soup.

   ’s morgens ―in the morning

   ’s werelds beste reisbestemming ―the world’s best travel destination

   ’s werelds mooiste zeereis ―the world’s most beautiful sea voyage

• As’s is still conceptualized as a contraction ofdes, it is never capitalised, even before a proper noun or at the start of sentences. Instead, the following word is capitalised, as in 's Morgens regent het ("It rains in the morning").
• Now hardly used, except in certain cases:

  Ingenitive absolute phrases:’s ochtends,’s morgens,’s middags,’s avonds,’s nachts,’s zomers, and’s winters.

  In other set phrases, such as placenames:’s Hertogenbosch,’s Gravenhage, and’s-Heerenberg.

  With locations or entities when forming superlative phrases:’s werelds beste kok ("the world's finest cook"),’s lands mooiste dorp ("the country's most beautiful village").

• IPA^(key): /əs/,/ɪs/,/s/

's

1. clipping ofeens

’s

1. (chiefly colloquial or poetic)contraction ofdas

   Ich nehm’s Auto und er nimmt’s Fahrrad.

   I’ll takethe car and he’ll takethe bike.

• This contraction is frequent in southern areas. It is also heard in northern and central Germany, but less often and chiefly only when not creating complex consonant clusters. For example, the above formnimmt’s would tend to be avoided in the north, even though the same is usual fornimmt es (see below).
• After prepositions, where the contraction of the article is normal even in formal prose, it is written without an apostrophe:ins,ans,aufs, etc. Apostrophized spellings of these are sometimes encountered, but are nonstandard.

’s

1. (chiefly colloquial or poetic)contraction ofes
2. (chiefly colloquial or poetic)contraction ofdas

• This contraction is frequent everywhere, though the tolerance of difficult clusters is yet a little greater in the south. For example, northern speakers usually avoid contraction after the verb ending-st, whereas southerners readily sayhast’s, siehst’s, and the like.

’s

1. (colloquial)contraction ofist

   Synonyms:is',is

   • c.2017, Userbemoty, “Songtext zu „Meine Brille“”, inwww.genius.com‎^[1], retrieved11 October 2025, transcription of the 2014 song “Meine Brille” byMateo Jasik:

     W-Wenn ich chille, dann nur mit Sonnenbrille (oh, meine Brille!) / Ich setz’ sie auf, seh’ Hammer aus, sie’s meine zweite Haut

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

• -'s

’s

1. contraction ofis(“and”)

’s

1. contraction ofis(“is”)

’s

1. contraction ofafhios(“knowledge of it”):only used intá’s agand similar constructions

's

1. reduced third-person plural personal pronoun
   1. (Föhr-Amrum)Reduced form of ofjo(“they, them”)
   2. (Mooring, Sylt)Reduced form of ofja(“they”, in Mooring also “them”)
   3. (Mooring, Sylt)Reduced form of ofjam(“them”)
2. reduced third-person singular feminine pronoun
   1. (Mooring, Sylt)Reduced form of ofjü(“she”)
   2. (Mooring)Reduced form of ofhar(“her”)
   3. (Sylt)Reduced form of ofhöör(“her”)

• (she, her):'t(Föhr-Amrum)

• IPA^(key): /s̪/(after aback vowel sound)
• IPA^(key): /ʃ/(after afront vowel sound)

's

1. contraction ofis(“is”)

• IPA^(key): /s̪/

's

1. contraction ofis(“and”)

• Armstrong, R. A. (1825), “'s”, inA Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts‎^[2], London,→OCLC, page478

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