Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

's

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:-'sandAppendix:Variations of "s"

English

[edit]

For thepossessive’s, see-'s.

Alternative forms

[edit]

’s

Etymology

[edit]

Contractions of various words ending ins.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(after voiceless consonants except/s/,/ʃ/,/t͡ʃ/)enPR:s,IPA^(key): /s/
- Audio(US): (file)
(after a sibilant or affricate)
- (UK)enPR:ĭz,IPA^(key): /ɪz/
- (US)enPR:ĭz,əz,IPA^(key): /ɪz/,/əz/
- (General Australian)enPR:əz,IPA^(key): /əz/
(elsewhere)enPR:z,IPA^(key): /z/
Homophone:-s

This entry needs anaudio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, pleaserecord this word. The recorded pronunciationwill appear here when it's ready.

Verb

[edit]

’s (clitic)

Contraction ofis.
The dog’s running after me!
Contraction ofhas.
The dog’s been chasing the mail carrier again.
(proscribed, dialectal, Southern US)Contraction ofwas.
It’s a beautiful day yesterday so I’s at the park.
(informal)Contraction ofdoes(used only with the auxiliary meaning ofdoes and only after interrogative words).
What’s he do for a living?
What’s it say?
How’s it work?
Where’s then inJavanese come from?

Usage notes

[edit]

Like've, in many dialects,-'s is only used to mark the perfect aspect ("He's finished his work" = "He has finished his work"), not to signify possession ("She has something"), necessity ("It has to end"), etc. In others,'s is used more broadly; this is sometimes proscribed.

Pronoun

[edit]

’s (clitic)

Contraction ofus(found in the formulalet’s which is used to form first-person pluralimperatives).
What are you guys waiting for? Let’s go!
- c.1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii],page277, column 2:
  Wee'le part the time betweene's then: and in that
  Ile no gaine-ſaying.

Determiner

[edit]

’s

(poetic)Contraction ofhis.
Duncan’s in’s grave

Conjunction

[edit]

’s

(UK, dialect)Contraction ofas(when it is (nonstandardly) used as a relative conjunction, or like a relative pronoun, meaning "that").
All’s he wanted was to go home.

Adverb

[edit]

’s (notcomparable)

(UK, dialect)Contraction ofas.
- 1922, E. F. Benson,Negotium Perambulans:
  He takes his bottle of whisky a day and gets drunk’s a lord in the evening.

Derived terms

[edit]

Bavarian

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Unstressed form ofdes.

Pronoun

[edit]

it(nominative and accusative)
this,that

Bavarian personal pronouns
	nominative	accusative	dative
stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1^st person singular	i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2^nd person singular	informal	du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
formal	Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3^rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
n	es,des	's	des	's
f	se,de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1^st person plural	mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2^nd person plural	eß,ihr	—	enk,eich	—	enk,eich	—
3^rd person plural	se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Article

[edit]

's n

Bavarian articles
	singular	plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine
stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
definite	nominative	der,da	—	das,es,des	's	de	d'	de	d'
accusative	en,den	'n
dative	em,dem	'm	em,dem	'm	der,da	—
genitive¹	des	des	der,da	der,da

indefinite	nominative	a	—	a	—	a	—	—
accusative	an	'n
dative	am	'm	am	'm	a,ana	'na

Etymology 2

[edit]

Unstressed form ofse.

Pronoun

[edit]

she
they,them

Bavarian personal pronouns
	nominative	accusative	dative
stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1^st person singular	i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2^nd person singular	informal	du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
formal	Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3^rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
n	es,des	's	des	's
f	se,de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1^st person plural	mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2^nd person plural	eß,ihr	—	enk,eich	—	enk,eich	—
3^rd person plural	se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Catalan

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

Contraction ofse.

Usage notes

[edit]

's is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with avowel.
Si us plau, calmi's. ―Please calm down.

Declension

[edit]

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
			strong/subject	proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic	possessive
singular	1st person	standard	jo,mi³	em,m’	-me,’m	em,m’	-me,’m	meu
	1st person	majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos,’ns	ens	-nos,’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et,t’	-te,’t	et,t’	-te,’t	teu
		formal¹	vós	us	-vos,-us	us	-vos,-us	vostre
		very formal²	vostè	el,l’	-lo,’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el,l’	-lo,’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la,l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos,’ns	ens	-nos,’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos,-us	us	-vos,-us	vostre
	2nd person	formal²	vostès	els	-los,’ls	els	-los,’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los,’ls	els	-los,’ls	seu
	3rd person	f	elles	les	-les	els	-los,’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es,s’	-se,’s	es,s’	-se,’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en,n’	-ne,’n
adverbial	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural. ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Cimbrian

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Article

[edit]

(Sette Comuni)the;definite article for two declensions:
1. nominative singular neuter
2. accusative singular neuter

Alternative forms

[edit]

z(Luserna)

Cimbriandefinite articles
	singular	plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	dar	de /di	's /z	de /di
accusative	in	de /di	's /z	de /di
dative	me	dar	me	in

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

(Sette Comuni)Alternative form ofes(“it”)

References

[edit]

“'s” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dutch

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

A clitic form ofdes, thegenitive of the masculine and neuter singular articlesde andhet.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /s/
Audio: (file)

Article

[edit]

’s

Contraction ofdes.
’s Konings baard ruikt naar uiensoep. ―The king's beard smells like onion soup.
’s morgens ―in the morning
’s werelds beste reisbestemming ―the world’s best travel destination
’s werelds mooiste zeereis ―the world’s most beautiful sea voyage

Usage notes

[edit]

As’s is still conceptualized as a contraction ofdes, it is never capitalised, even before a proper noun or at the start of sentences. Instead, the following word is capitalised, as in 's Morgens regent het ("It rains in the morning").
Now hardly used, except in certain cases:
Ingenitive absolute phrases:’s ochtends,’s morgens,’s middags,’s avonds,’s nachts,’s zomers, and’s winters.
In other set phrases, such as placenames:’s Hertogenbosch,’s Gravenhage, and’s-Heerenberg.
With locations or entities when forming superlative phrases:’s werelds beste kok ("the world's finest cook"),’s lands mooiste dorp ("the country's most beautiful village").

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /əs/,/ɪs/,/s/

Adverb

[edit]

Clipping ofeens.

German

[edit]

Article

[edit]

’s

(chiefly colloquial or poetic)Contraction ofdas.

Pronoun

[edit]

’s

(chiefly colloquial or poetic)Contraction ofes.
(chiefly colloquial or poetic)Contraction ofdas.

Verb

[edit]

’s

(colloquial)Contraction ofist.
Synonym:is'

Irish

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

’s

Contraction ofis(“and”).

Particle

[edit]

’s

Contraction ofis(“is”).

Noun

[edit]

’s

Contraction ofa fhios(“knowledge of it”):only used intá’s agand similar constructions

North Frisian

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

reduced third-person plural personal pronoun
1. (Föhr-Amrum)Reduced form of ofjo(“they, them”)
2. (Mooring, Sylt)Reduced form of ofja(“they”, in Mooring also “them”)
3. (Mooring, Sylt)Reduced form of ofjam(“them”)
reduced third-person singular feminine pronoun
1. (Mooring, Sylt)Reduced form of ofjü(“she”)
2. (Mooring)Reduced form of ofhar(“her”)
3. (Sylt)Reduced form of ofhöör(“her”)

Alternative forms

[edit]

(she, her):'t(Föhr-Amrum)

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st		ik	'k	mi		man	min		minen
	2nd		dü	–	di		dan	din		dinen
	3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin		sinen
	3rd	f or n	hat	at,'t	ham	at,'t	san	sin		sinen
plural	1st		wi	'f	üs		üüs			üüsen
	1st		wi	'f	üs		üsens
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jau			jauen
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jamens
	3rd		jo	's	jo	's	hör			hören
	3rd		jo	's	jo	's	hörens

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual formswat / onk andjat / jonk are obsolete, as is femininejü / hör.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
The formsüsens,jamens,hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
singular	1st		ik	'k	me		man	min
	2nd		dü	–	de		dan	din
	3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin
		f	jü	's	har	's	harn	har
		n	hat	et,'t	ham	et,'t	san	sin
plural	1st		we		üs		üüsen	üüs
	2nd		jam	'm	jam		jarnge
	3rd		ja	's	ja,jam	's	jare

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual formswat / unk andjat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
			personal				possessive
			subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
			full	reduced	full	reduced	singular referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st		ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd		dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd	m	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
		f	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
		n	hat	et,'t	höm	et,'t	sin		sinen

dual	1st		wat		unk		unk		unken
	2nd		at		junk		junk		junken
	3rd		jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren

plural	1st		wü		üüs		üüs		üüsen
	2nd		i		juu		juu		juuen
	3rd		ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.