Some or all works by this author are in thepublic domain in theUnited States because they were published before January 1, 1931.

This author died in 1954, so works by this author are in thepublic domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author'slife plus 71 years or less. These works may be in thepublic domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply therule of the shorter term toforeign works.