TheWars of the Roses (1455–1489), known contemporaneously as theCousin's War, were a series of fifteenth-centuryEnglish civil wars fought over control of thethrone of England, between supporters of two rivalcadet branches of the royalHouse of Plantagenet: theHouse of Lancaster, represented by ared rose, and theHouse of York, represented by awhite rose. Eventually, the wars eliminated themale lines of both families leading to the end of the Plantagenet reign and subsequent rise of theTudor Dynasty.

• I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly to come to me than I to him.
  • Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York when asked in Parliament if he would be willing to appear before the LancastrianKing Henry VI, 10 October 1460, quoted inThe Encarta Book of Quotations, 2000.

• By God's blood, thy father slew mine, and so will I do thee and all thy kin.
  • The LancastrianLord Clifford, on the slaying of YorkistEdmund, Earl of Rutland during theBattle of Wakefield, 30 December 1460. Reprinted inPaul Murray Kendall’sRichard the Third (1956)

• Who that woll make ony more lette hym seke other bookis kynge Arthure or of sir Launcelot and sir Trystrams; for this was drawen by a knyght presoner, sir Thomas Malleoré, that God send him good recover.
  • Sir Thomas Malory at the end of the chapterThe Tale of King Arthur of hislarger work, written circa 1468-1470 while held inNewgate Prison as a captured partisan of the rebelliousEarl of Warwick. Reprinted in MaloryWorks, edited by Eugene Vinaver, 1954.

• Men look after they wot not what, but men buy harness fast;the King's menial men and theDuke of Clarence's are many in this town.
  • Sir John Paston on the eve of Clarence's rebellion, June 1471. Reprinted inRichard the Third (1956)

• Somewhat musing
  And more mourning,
  In remembering
  Th’unsteadfastness;
  This world being
  Of such wheeling,
  Me contrarying,
  What may I guess?

  I fear, doubtless,
  Remediless
  Is now to seize
  My woeful chance;
  For unkindness,
  Withoutenless,
  And no redress,
  Me doth advance.

  With displeasure,
  To my grievance,
  And no surance
  Of remedy;
  Lo, in this trance,
  Now in substance,
  Such is my dance,
  Willing to die.

  Methinks truly
  Bounden am I,
  And that greatly,
  To be content;
  Seeing plainly
  Fortune doth wry
  All contrary
  From mine intent.

  My life was lent
  Me to one intent.
  It is nigh spent.
  Welcome Fortune!
  But I ne went
  Thus to be shent
  But she it meant:
  Such is her won.

  • Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers, written 23 June, 1483, on learning that he had been sentenced to die for treason byRichard, Duke of Gloucester (later King Richard III)Lord Protecter of England. Reprinted inRichard the Third (1956)

• The first thing we do,let's kill all the lawyers.
  • Dick "The Butcher" inShakespeare'sHenry VI, Part 2, IV, ii

• England hath long been mad and scarred herself,
  The brother blindly shed the brother’s blood,
  The father rashly slaughtered his own son,
  The son, compelled, been butcher to the sire;
  All this divided York and Lancaster.
  • Henry Tudor's victory speech inShakespeare'sRichard III (c. 1592), V, v

• The joyning of the Red-Rose with the White,
  Did set our State into a Damask plight.
  • Nathaniel Ward,Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America, 5th ed. (1713), p. 21

• Above, below, the rose of snow,
    Twined with her blushing foe, we spread:
  The bristled boar in infant-gore
    Wallows beneath the thorny shade.
  • Thomas Gray, fromThe Bard: A Pindaric Ode (1757)

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Wars of the Roses

• Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe
• History of England
• Military history of the United Kingdom
• 15th century in Europe