Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance. The other type of vaporization is boiling, which is characterized by bubbles of saturated vapor forming in the liquid phase.

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• In general, the rate of evaporation (m) of a substance in a high vacuum is related to the pressure (p) of the saturated vapor by the equation${\displaystyle m=\sqrt{\frac{M}{2\pi RT}}p.}$ Red phosphorus and some other substances probably form exceptions to this rule.
  • Irving Langmuir, "The Constitution and Fundamental Properties of Solids and Liquids. Part I. Solids.",Journal of the American Chemical Society, September 5, 1916

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