Nazism, for all its revolutionary jargon, represented in its essence a reaction against the nine-teenth-century faith in humanprogress. It was an attempt to seize history by the collar and frog-march it in a direction determined primaly by the selfish interests and obsessive beliefs of those in power. From the outset it wan ananti-intellectual movement, offering its adherents the spurious solidarity of the street gang and the prospecive enjoyment of stolen booty.