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Voiced bilabial plosive

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨b⟩ in IPA
Voiced bilabial plosive
b
IPA number102
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity(decimal)b
Unicode(hex)U+0062
X-SAMPAb
Braille⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
Image

Avoiced bilabial plosive orstop is a type ofconsonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨b⟩. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter⟨b⟩ inobey[oʊˈbeɪ].

Features

[edit]

Features of a voiced bilabial stop:

Varieties

[edit]
bPlain
Labialised
b̜ʷSemi-labialised
b̹ʷStrongly labialised
Palatalised
Breathy voiced
Velarised

Occurrence

[edit]
Occurrence of[b] in several languages
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Adygheбгъу /bġ°[bʁʷə]'nine'
Albanianbletë['bletə]'bee'
ArabicStandard[1]باب /bāb[baːb]'door'SeeArabic phonology
Assyrianܒܒܐbaba[baːba]'father'
ArmenianEastern[2]բարի/bari[bɑˈɾi]'kind'
Basquebero[beɾo]'hot'
Bengaliলো /balo[bɔlo]'say!'Contrasts with aspirated form. SeeBengali phonology
Catalan[3]bell[ˈbeʎ]'beautiful'SeeCatalan phonology
Chechenборз /borz[borz]'wolf'
Czechbota[ˈbota]'boot'SeeCzech phonology
DanishStandard[4][5]ber[ˈløːbɐ]'runner'Only partially voiced; possible allophone of/b/ in the intervocalic position. More often voiceless[p].[4][5] SeeDanish phonology
Dutch[6]boer[buːr]'farmer'SeeDutch phonology
Englishaback[əˈbæk]'aback'SeeEnglish phonology
Esperantobatalo[baˈtalo]'war'SeeEsperanto phonology
Filipinobuto[buto]'bone'
French[7]boue[bu]'mud'SeeFrench phonology
Georgian[8]ავშვი /bavšvi[ˈbavʃvi]'child'
Germanaber[ˈäːbɐ]'but'SeeStandard German phonology
Greekμπόχα /bócha[ˈbo̞xa]'reek'SeeModern Greek phonology
Gujaratiક્રી /bakri[bəkri]'goat'SeeGujarati phonology
Hebrewבית /báyit[bajit]'house'SeeModern Hebrew phonology
HindustaniHindiबाल /bāl[bäːl]'hair'Contrasts with aspirated version/bʱ/. SeeHindi-Urdu phonology
Urduبال /bāl
Hungarianbaba[ˈbɒbɒ]'baby'SeeHungarian phonology
Italian[9]bile[ˈbile]'rage'SeeItalian phonology
Japanese[10] /ban[baɴ]'(one's) turn'SeeJapanese phonology
Kabardianбгъуы/bg"uy[bʁʷə]'nine'
Korean지붕 /jibung[t͡ɕibuŋ]'roof'SeeKorean phonology
KurdishNorthernbav[bɑːv]'father'SeeKurdish phonology
Centralباوک/bâwk[bɑːwk]
Southernباوگ/bâwig[bɑːwɨg]
Luxembourgish[11]geblosen[ɡ̊əˈbloːzən]'blown'More often voiceless[p].[11] SeeLuxembourgish phonology
Macedonianубав/ubav[ˈubav]'beautiful'SeeMacedonian phonology
Malaybaru[bäru]'new'
Maltesegħatba[aːtˈba]'threshold'
Marathiटाटा /baṭāṭā[bəˈʈaːʈaː]'potato'SeeMarathi phonology
Nepaliबाटो /bāṭo[bäʈo]'path'SeeNepali phonology
Norwegianbål[ˈbɔːl]'bonfire'SeeNorwegian phonology
Odiaବା/barô[bärɔ]'twelve'Contrasts with aspirated form.
Persianخوب/ xub[xub]'good'SeePersian phonology
Pirahãpibaóí[ˈpìbàóí̯]'parent'
Polish[12]bas[bäs]'bass'SeePolish phonology
Portuguese[13]bato[ˈbatu]'I strike'SeePortuguese phonology
Punjabiਬਿੱਲੀ/billī[bɪlːi]'cat'
Romanian[14]bou[bow]'bull'SeeRomanian phonology.
Russian[15]рыба /ryba[ˈrɨbə]'fish'Contrasts withpalatalized form. SeeRussian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[16]биће /biće[bǐːt͡ɕě]'being'SeeSerbo-Croatian phonology
Slovakb[bi̞c]'to be'
Slovenebiti[ˈbìːt̪í]'to be'
Southern Min /ban[ban]'Fujian province'Only in colloquial speech.
Spanish[17]invertir[ĩmbe̞ɾˈt̪iɾ]'to invest'SeeSpanish phonology
Swedishbra[ˈbɾɑː]'good'May be anapproximant in casual speech. SeeSwedish phonology
Teluguడి[badi]'school'Contrasts with aspirated form. Aspirated form is articulated asbreathy consonant.
Thaiัด /bam-bàt[bam.bat̚]'therapy'SeeThai phonology
Turkishbulut[ˈbuɫut̪]'cloud'SeeTurkish phonology
Tyapbai[bai]'to come'
Ukrainian[18]брат /brat[brɑt̪]'brother'SeeUkrainian phonology
Welshmab[mɑːb]'son'SeeWelsh phonology
West Frisianbak[bak]'tray'
Wu /bi[bi]'skin'
Xiang /baw[bau]'to float'
Yi /bbo[bo˧]'mountain'
ZapotecTilquiapan[19]bald[bald]'few'

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Thelwall (1990:37)
  2. ^Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
  3. ^Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  4. ^abGoblirsch (2018), pp. 134–5, citingFischer-Jørgensen (1952) andAbrahams (1949, pp. 116–21, 228–30).
  5. ^abPuggaard-Rode, Horslund & Jørgensen (2022).
  6. ^Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  7. ^Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  8. ^Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  9. ^Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  10. ^Okada (1999:117)
  11. ^abGilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
  12. ^Jassem (2003:103)
  13. ^Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  14. ^DEX Online :[1]
  15. ^Padgett (2003:42)
  16. ^Landau et al. (1999), p. 66.
  17. ^Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
  18. ^Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  19. ^Merrill (2008:108)

References

[edit]
  • Abrahams, Henrik (1949),Études phonétiques sur les tendances évolutives des occlusives germaniques, Aarhus University Press
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,22 (1–2):53–56,doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618,S2CID 249411809
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,25 (2):90–94,doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223,S2CID 249414876
  • Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995),Ukrainian, Lincom Europa,ISBN 9783929075083
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009),Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fischer-Jørgensen, Eli (1952), "Om stemtheds assimilation", in Bach, H.; et al. (eds.),Festskrift til L. L. Hammerich, Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gad, pp. 116–129
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,23 (2):73–76,doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874,S2CID 249404451
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (1):67–74,doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
  • Goblirsch, Kurt (2018),Gemination, Lenition, and Vowel Lengthening: On the History of Quantity in Germanic, Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-1-107-03450-1
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,22 (2):45–47,doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X,S2CID 243772965
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33 (1):103–107,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian",Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69,ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33 (2):255–259,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,38 (1):107–114,doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Okada, Hideo (1999),"Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.),Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119,ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian",Natural Language & Linguistic Theory,21 (1):39–87,doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505,S2CID 13470826
  • Puggaard-Rode, Rasmus; Horslund, Camilla Søballe; Jørgensen, Henrik (2022), "The rarity of intervocalic voicing of stops in Danish spontaneous speech",Laboratory Phonology,13 (1),doi:10.16995/labphon.6449,hdl:1887/3304670
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,34 (1):117–121,doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006),"Standard Georgian"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,36 (2):255–264,doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,20 (2):37–41,doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266,S2CID 243640727

External links

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IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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