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Theallative case (/ˈælətɪv/AL-ə-tiv;abbreviatedALL; fromLatinallāt-,afferre "to bring to") is a type oflocativegrammatical case. The termallative is generally used for thelative case for the majority of languages that do not make finer distinctions.
For theFinnish language (a Uralic language), the allative is the fifth of the locativecases, with the basic meaning of "onto". Its ending is-lle, for examplepöytä (table) andpöydälle (onto the top of the table). In addition, it is the logical complement of theadessive case for referring to "being around the place". For example,koululle means "to the vicinity of the school". With time, the use is the same:ruokatunti (lunch break) and... lähti ruokatunnille ("... left to the lunch break"). Some actions require the case, e.g.kävely -mennä kävelylle "a walk - go for a walk". It also means "to" or "for", for exampleminä (me) andminulle (to/for me).
The other locative cases in Finnish andEstonian are these:
For theLithuanian andLatvian languages, the allative had been used dialectally as an innovation sinceProto-Indo-European[citation needed], but it is almost out of use in modern times. Its ending in Lithuanian is-op which was shortened from-opi, whereas its ending in Latvian is-up. For the modern languages the remains of the allative can be found in certain fixed expressions that have becomeadverbs, such as Lithuanianišėjo Dievop ("gone to God", i.e. died),velniop! ("to the devil" i.e. to hell),nuteisti myriop ("sentence to death"),rudeniop ("towards autumn"),vakarop ("towards the evening"), Latvianmājup ("towards home"),kalnup ("uphill"),lejup ("downhill").[citation needed]
ForMycenaean Greek, an ending-de is used to denote an allative, when it is not being used as anenclitic,[1] e.g.te-qa-de, *Tʰēgʷasde, "toThebes" (Linear B:𐀳𐀣𐀆). This ending survives intoAncient Greek in words such asAthḗnaze,[2] from accusativeAthḗnās +-de.
TheLatin accusative case is used for motion towards towns and small islands[3] in a manner that is analogous to the allative case.
For theUdmurt language, words inflected with the allative (often termed "approximative" for Permic languages) case ending "-лань" /ɫɑɲ/ express the direction of a movement.
In Biblical Hebrew (more common in Classical Biblical Hebrew than in Late Biblical Hebrew)[4] the "directionalhe", "locativehe" orhe locale,[5] in the form of־ָה /-ɔh/ suffixed to nouns (often place names) also functions as an allative marker, usually translated as 'to' or 'toward'.[6] The directionalhe appears in later phases of the Hebrew language in expressions such asמעלה (upwards) andהביתה (homeward).[4]
Wanyi, an endangeredAustralian language, has the allative suffixes-kurru/wurru.