| English: The Hundred-Tael Pacing Mule | |
|---|---|
National anthem of  Mongolia | |
| Lyrics | unknown |
| Music | Andrei Kadletz |
| Adopted | 1915 |
| Relinquished | 1924 (aftermath of theMongolian Revolution) |
| Succeeded by | "Mongol Internationale" |
"Zuun Langiin Joroo Luus" (Mongolian:Зуун лангийн жороо луус) is aMongolianfolk song that was thenational anthem of theBogd Khanate of Mongolia.[1] After the establishment of Mongolia in 1911, Bogd Khan chose this song as the national anthem in 1915 and it served in such a capacity until 1924 when it was replaced by theMongol Internationale.[2]
The origin of the name comes from the idea that mule is considered as the ride of Buddhist deities, such as Palden Lhamo, and that mule is worth a hundred lang and is a special vehicle. The song was originally a religious hymn.[2]
During the time of Bogd Khanate Mongolia, there was a folk song called "Zuun lang joroo luus" as a national anthem. At that time, whenPrime MinisterTögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren went toRussia for talks on military affairs, where he saw for the first timemilitary bands performing at ceremonies.[3] He liked the sound of this music, which gave him cause to bring brass instruments back home with a Russian musical expert, who selected 10 people from Bogd Khan's army and taught them how to play the instruments. At the same time, the Russian exploration team arrived in Mongolia and visited theGreen Palace and paid tribute to the monarch, before making a request to the Russian ambassador, to create a national anthem for the Khanate. Andrey Vyacheslavovich Kadlec, a Czech-born Russian composer and principal violinist of theMariinsky Theatre inSaint Petersburg, was commissioned to compose a "National Anthem of Mongolia". He was given the melody of a song by theInstitute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences at that time, which was "Zuun Lang Joroo Mulus". Subsequently, it became the National Anthem of Bogd Khant Mongolia in 1915.[4]
From 1914-1924, the anthem was sung in religious and state ceremonies. After that, the songMongol Internationale composed in 1922 was played by the musicians of the State Central Theater not only at ceremonies, but also at the beginning and end of Mongolian radio broadcasts.[5]
| Mongolian original | Cyrillization | Romanization | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠯᠠᠤᠰ ᠢ | Зуун лангийн жороо луусыг | Zuun langiin joroo luusyg | Pacer Mule worth a hundred silver coins |