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Zoilus I

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"Zoilos" redirects here. For other uses, seeZoilos (disambiguation).

Indo-Greek king

Zoilus I Dicaeus ("The Just")
Portrait of Zoilos I.
Indo-Greek king
Reign	130–120 BCE

Silver coin of Zoilus I. Obverse shows the King wearing royaldiadem, withGreek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΖΩΙΛΟΥ,*Basileōs Dikaiou Zōilou,* "Of King Zoilus the Just". Reverse with standingHeracles, holding wreath, andKharosthi legend:*Maharajasa Dhramikasa Jhoilasa,* "Of the Great King Zoilus, the Follower of theDharma".

Zoilus I Dicaeus (Ancient Greek:Ζωΐλος Δίκαιος,romanized: Zōïlos Díkaios;epithet means "the Just") was anIndo-Greek king who ruled in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and occupied the areas of theParopamisade andArachosia previously held byMenander I. He may have belonged to the dynasty ofEuthydemus I.

Time of reign

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Zoilus used to be dated after the death of Menander, c. 130–120 BCE (Bopearachchi). Two coins of Zoilus I were however overstruck by Menander I,^[1] so Zoilus came to power while Menander was still alive and was perhaps his enemy. R. C. Senior has suggested some time between 150 and 135 BCE.

Coin types of Zoilos I

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Zoilus I uses a silver coin type similar to that ofEuthydemus II, son ofDemetrius: Crowned Herakles standing, holding a wreath or diadem in his right hand, and a club and the lion skin in his left hand. On some of the coins, which are of lower artistic quality, Herakles is crowned by a small Nike. Zoilus I also struck rare gold-plated silver coins with portrait and Heracles.

In place of his Greek epithet "the just", Zoilus' Indian-standard coins bear thePali titleDhramikasa ("Follower of theDharma"), probably related toBuddhism. This is the first time this epithet appears on Indo-Greek coinage. A few monolingual Attic tetradrachms of Zoilos I have been found. Zoilus inherited (or took) several monograms from Menander I. InPali language, written in Kharoshti script, his name was written as eitherJhoila orJhahila (transliterated), as the Z sound was foreign to Pali (see 'Catalog of the coins of Zoilus I' link below).

His bronze coins are square and original in that they combine the club of Heracles with aScythian-type bowcase (for a shortrecurve bow) inside a victory wreath, suggesting contacts or even an alliance with horse-mounted people originating from the steppes, possibly either the Scythians (futureIndo-Scythians), or theYuezhi who had invaded Greco-Bactria. This bow can be contrasted to the traditional Hellenistic long bow depicted on the coins of the eastern Indo-Greek queenAgathokleia.

Gallery

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Silver coin of Zoilus I. Obverse shows the King wearing royaldiadem, withGreek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΖΩΙΛΟΥ,Basileōs Dikaiou Zōilou, "Of King Zoilus the Just". Reverse with standingHeracles, andKharosthi legend:Maharajasa Dhramikasa Jhoilasa, "Of the Great King Zoilus, the Follower of theDharma".
Indian square coin of Zoilus I. The obverse shows the head of Heracles, with Greek legend. The reverse shows the Heraclean club and the Scythian bow, within a circularwreath, with Kharosthi legend on the outside.
Another silver coin of Zoilus I. The Obverse, showing the King wearing a royal diadem, and with the Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΖΩΙΛΟΥ,Basileōs Dikaiou Zōilou, "Of King Zoilus the Just".

Notes

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^Senior R.C., MacDonald, D.:The Decline of the Indo-Greeks, Monographs of the Hellenic Numismatic Society, Athens (1998)

References

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The Greeks in Bactria and India,W. W. Tarn, Cambridge University Press

External links

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Preceded by

Heliocles

Indo-Greek king
(inParopamisadae,Arachosia)
130 – 120 BC

Succeeded by

Lysias

Greco-Bactrian andIndo-Greek kings, territories and chronology

Based onBopearachchi (1991)^{[t 1]}

Territories/ dates	WestBactria	EastBactria	Paropamisade	Arachosia	Gandhara	Western Punjab	Eastern Punjab	Mathura^{[t 2]}
	Greco-Bactrian kings		Indo-Greek kings
326-325 BCE	Campaigns of Alexander the Great in India						Nanda Empire
312 BCE	Creation of theSeleucid Empire						Creation of theMaurya Empire
305 BCE	Seleucid Empire afterMauryan war		Maurya Empire
280 BCE	Foundation ofAi-Khanoum
255–239 BCE	Independence of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom Diodotus I		EmperorAshoka (268-232 BCE)
239–223 BCE	Diodotus II
230–200 BCE	Euthydemus I
200–190 BCE	Demetrius I				Sunga Empire
190-185 BCE	Euthydemus II
190–180 BCE	Agathocles			Pantaleon
185–170 BCE	Antimachus I
180–160 BCE			Apollodotus I
175–170 BCE	Demetrius II
160–155 BCE			Antimachus II
170–145 BCE	Eucratides I
155–130 BCE	Yuezhi occupation, loss ofAi-Khanoum	Eucratides II Plato Heliocles I	Menander I
130–120 BCE	Yuezhi occupation		Zoilus I		Agathoclea			Yavanarajya inscription
120–110 BCE			Lysias		Strato I
110–100 BCE			Antialcidas		Heliocles II
100 BCE			Polyxenus		Demetrius III
100–95 BCE			Philoxenus
95–90 BCE			Diomedes	Amyntas		Epander
90 BCE			Theophilus	Peucolaus		Thraso
90–85 BCE			Nicias	Menander II		Artemidorus
90–70 BCE			Hermaeus	Archebius
			Yuezhi occupation		Maues (Indo-Scythian)
75–70 BCE				Vonones	Telephus	Apollodotus II
65–55 BCE				Spalirises		Hippostratus	Dionysius
55–35 BCE					Azes I (Indo-Scythians)		Zoilus II
55–35 BCE					Vijayamitra/Azilises		Apollophanes
25 BCE – 10 CE				Gondophares	Zeionises	Kharahostes	Strato II Strato III
				Gondophares (Indo-Parthian)			Rajuvula (Indo-Scythian)
			Kujula Kadphises (Kushan Empire)				Bhadayasa (Indo-Scythian)	Sodasa (Indo-Scythian)
^O. Bopearachchi, "Monnaies gréco-bactriennes et indo-grecques, Catalogue raisonné", Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, 1991, p.453 ^Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2 April 2019)."History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE". BRILL – via Google Books.

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Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II Strato III
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Monarchs of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V [ru] Kamasarye Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander withDynamis Mithridates II Asander withDynamis Scribonius's attempted rule withDynamis Dynamis withPolemon Polemon Aspurgus Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
Monarchs of Epirus	Admetus Tharrhypas Alcetas I Neoptolemus I Arybbas Alexander I Aeacides Neoptolemus II Alcetas II Pyrrhus I Alexander II Olympias II (regent) Pyrrhus II Ptolemy Pyrrhus III Deidamia
Hellenistic rulers were preceded byHellenistic satraps in most of their territories.

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Time of reign

Coin types of Zoilos I

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

External links