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Zohran Mamdani

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Mayor of New York City since January 2026

Zohran Mamdani
Mamdani in 2025
112th Mayor of New York City
Assumed office
January 1, 2026
First DeputyDean Fuleihan
Preceded byEric Adams
Member of theNew York State Assembly
from the36th district
In office
January 1, 2021 – December 31, 2025
Preceded byAravella Simotas
Succeeded byDiana Moreno
Personal details
BornZohran Kwame Mamdani
(1991-10-18)October 18, 1991 (age 34)
Kampala, Uganda
Citizenship
PartyDemocratic
Other political
affiliations
Spouse
Parents
EducationBowdoin College (BA)
Signature
Websitetransition2025.com
This article is part of
a series about
Zohran Mamdani
New York's 36th State Assembly district
Mayor of New York City

Zohran Kwame Mamdani[c] (born October 18, 1991) is an American politician who has served since January 2026 as the 112thmayor of New York City. A member of theDemocratic Party and theDemocratic Socialists of America, Mamdani served from 2021 to 2025 as a member of theNew York State Assembly for the36th district, representing theQueens neighborhood ofAstoria.

Mamdani was born inKampala, Uganda, to Indian parents, academicMahmood Mamdani and filmmakerMira Nair. When he was seven years old, after having spent three years inCape Town, he and his family moved toNew York City. Mamdani graduated from theBronx High School of Science before receiving a bachelor's degree with a major inAfricana studies fromBowdoin College in 2014.

After working as a housing counselor and a musician, Mamdani enteredNew York City politics as a campaign manager forKhader El-Yateem andRoss Barkan. He was first elected to theNew York State Assembly in 2020, defeating five-term incumbentAravella Simotas in the Democratic primary. Representing Astoria andLong Island City, he was reelected without opposition in 2022 and 2024.

In October 2024, Mamdani announced his candidacy for mayor of New York City in the2025 election. Ademocratic socialist, Mamdani campaigned on aprogressive, affordability-focused platform, supportingfare-free city buses, universalchild care,city-owned grocery stores, a rent freeze on rent-stabilized units, additional affordable housing units, and a $30minimum wage by 2030. He also expressed support forLGBTQ rights, comprehensivepublic safety reform, and tax increases on corporations and those earning above$1 million annually. He wonthe Democratic primary in June 2025, defeating former governorAndrew Cuomo in an upset, and was elected mayor inthe November general election. He is New York City's firstMuslim and firstAsian American mayor.

Early life and education

Zohran Kwame Mamdani was born on October 18, 1991, inKampala, Uganda, the only child of postcolonialist academicMahmood Mamdani and filmmakerMira Nair.[12][13] He was given his middle name,Kwame, by his father in honor ofKwame Nkrumah, the firstpresident of Ghana.[14][15] Both his parents are ofIndian descent.[16] His father is aGujarati Muslim who was born inMumbai and raised in Uganda.[17] His mother is aPunjabi Hindu[18][19][20] who was born inRourkela and raised inBhubaneswar.[21] His paternal grandparents were born in present-dayTanzania, and his father's family was part of theIndian diaspora in Southeast Africa.[17] His maternal grandfather, Amrit Lal Nair, was a formerIndian Administrative Service (IAS) officer,[22] and his maternal grandmother, Praveen Nair, was asocial worker and founder of theSalaam Baalak Trust in India.[23]

Mamdani lived in Kampala until the age of five, when his family moved toCape Town, South Africa,[12] after his father was appointed head ofAfrican studies at theUniversity of Cape Town.[24] He attendedSt. George's Grammar School inMowbray from 1996 to 1998,[15][25] during the earlypost-apartheid years. He later said that the experience of living in Cape Town "taught me what inequality looks like up close ... [and] that justice has to be more than an idea; it has to be material".[26]

The family moved to the United States and settled in New York City when Mamdani was seven,[27] and he was raised inMorningside Heights.[28] He has described his upbringing as "privileged", saying, "I never had to want for something, and yet I knew that was not in any way the reality for most New Yorkers."[29] As a child, he was often present on his mother's film sets, where he was loved by members of the film crews, who variously referred to him as "Z", "Zoru", "Fadoose", and "Nonstop Mamdani".[24]

Mamdani attended theBank Street School for Children on theUpper West Side of Manhattan, where he successfully ran as the independent candidate in a middle schoolmock election, adopting a platform of "equal rights, anti-war policies that proposed spending money on education rather than the military".[30] In 2003, he returned to Kampala for a year and attended school during his father'ssabbatical there;[17] his paternal grandparents and aunt still lived there and helped take care of him while his father was working on the bookGood Muslim, Bad Muslim.[31]

In 2010, Mamdani graduated from theBronx High School of Science inKingsbridge Heights,[32][33][34] where he co-founded the school's first cricket team[13] and unsuccessfully ran for student body vice president.[35] He also played soccer with the West Side Soccer League.[34]

Mamdani attended Bowdoin College inBrunswick, Maine, where he co-founded the school's chapter ofStudents for Justice in Palestine.[36][37] He was a regular contributor to the campus newspaperThe Bowdoin Orient, covering politics, culture, and sports in his columns, "Kwame's Kolumnalu", and "Talk of the Quad".[38] In January 2014, he co-authored anop-ed in theBangor Daily News urging Bowdoin to join theAmerican Studies Association's boycott of Israel and criticizing the college's president,Barry Mills.[39] Mamdani graduated from Bowdoin in 2014 with a bachelor's degree inAfricana studies.[36][37]

Early career

2015–2019: Hip-hop and rap

Mamdani at the 2016 Johannesburg premiere ofQueen of Katwe

Mamdani is a fan ofhip-hop and has composed, performed, and produced rap music.[40] Under the moniker Young Cardamom, he collaborated with his best friend, Ugandan rapper HAB (Abdul Bar Hussein), whose origins are inSouth Sudan,[41][42] as Young Cardamom & HAB. Their first song, "Kanda [Chap Chap]", was aboutchapati, anIndian flatbread.[43] They performed tracks from their 2016EPSidda Mukyaalo ("No going back to the village") at theNyege Nyege festival.[44][45] The pair rapped in languages includingNubi,Luganda,Swahili, and English, partly to create a unique Ugandan style of rap rather than imitating American rap, and partly to convey that Ugandan residents with roots in other countries are all Ugandan. The chapati was chosen as a symbol because it originates in theIndian subcontinent but has become a Ugandan staple.[42] In their music, they addressed social issues in Uganda, such as corruption and "black and brown relations", as well ascolonialism.[46] Young Cardamom & HAB were nominated for "Rookie of the Year" at the inaugural Ugandan (UG) Hip Hop Awards.[47][48]

Mamdani curated and producedthe soundtrack for his mother Mira Nair's 2016 filmQueen of Katwe, for which he was nominated for a 2017Guild of Music Supervisors Awards;[49][50][51] he co-wrote the song "#1 Spice" with HAB for the film.[41][52] Mamdani also appears as an extra in the film,[53] and is credited asthird assistant director.[51] Nair subsequently offered him parts in the stage musical adaptation of her filmMonsoon Wedding, after he took part instage readings for the show, and hertelevision adaptation of theVikram Seth novelA Suitable Boy, but he declined.[54][55]

In 2017, Mamdani released the song "Salaam" under his middle name, Zohran Kwame.[56] In April 2019, under the moniker Mr. Cardamom, he released the single "Nani", an homage to his grandmother. Actress and food writerMadhur Jaffrey portrays Mamdani's grandmother in the video,[57][58][59][60] which pays tribute to Jaffrey andNew York's South Asian culture.[57]

2015–2019: Political involvement

Mamdani enteredNew York City politics as a volunteer for Ali Najmi's campaign in the2015 special election for the23rd district of the City Council.[14] Mamdani was inspired to join Najmi's campaign after learning that he was supported byHeems, a New York rapper of Indian descent and co-founder of alternative hip-hop groupDas Racist.[40][61] Specifically, Mamdani attributes his involvement in local politics to a 2015The Village Voice article about Najmi and Heems, whom he described as one of his favorite rappers.[62][63]

In 2017, Mamdani joined the New York City chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) and worked for the campaign ofNew York City Council candidateKhader El-Yateem, aPalestinian Lutheranminister and democratic socialist fromBay Ridge, Brooklyn.[14] Part of Mamdani's motivation for joining the DSA was its pro-Palestine stance, which aligned with his own prior activism.[64] Mamdani served as the campaign manager forRoss Barkan's 2018 unsuccessful bid for theNew York State Senate and was also a field organizer for fellow democratic socialistTiffany Cabán's close-run but also unsuccessful 2019 campaign forQueens County district attorney.[14][65][66]

Starting in 2018,[67] Mamdani worked as aforeclosure prevention and housing counselor. There, he assisted lower-income immigrant homeowners inQueens witheviction notices and efforts to prevent them from being evicted from their homes. He said the experience motivated him to run for office to address the housing and affordability crisis.[68]

2020–2025: New York State Assembly

Further information:Electoral history of Zohran Mamdani
Mamdani at the Resist Fascism Rally inBryant Park, October 27, 2024

In October 2019, Mamdani announced his campaign to represent New York's 36th State Assembly district, which encompasses Astoria andLong Island City in Queens.[69][70] He was endorsed by the DSA,[71] running on a platform ofhousing reform,police andprison reform, andpublic ownership of utilities.[69] Mamdani's June 2020primary victory over five-term Democratic incumbentAravella Simotas took almost a month to call,[72] and he won the general election with noRepublican opposition in November.[73] Mamdani was reelected without opposition in 2022 and 2024.[74][75]

Mamdani is a member of the DSA's nine-member "State Socialists in Office" bloc in New York and a member of the Muslim Democratic Club of New York.[14][76][77] He was the keynote speaker at the 2023 DSA convention, and said, "We are special as DSA electeds not because of ourselves; we are special because of our organization".[78][79]

By January 2025, Mamdani was a member of nine Assembly committees: the Committee on Aging; the Committee on Cities; the Committee on Election Law; the Committee on Energy; the Committee on Real Property Taxation; the Black, Puerto Rican, Hispanic & Asian Legislative Caucus; the Puerto Rican/Hispanic Task Force; the Asian Pacific American Task Force; and the Task Force on New Americans.[80]

By May 2025, Mamdani had been the primary sponsor of 20 bills in the Assembly—three of which became law—and the co-sponsor of 238 bills.[81] As a member of the Assembly, he helped launch a successful fare-free bus pilot program and participated in ahunger strike alongside taxi drivers.[82][83]

Mayor of New York City

2025 campaign

Main articles:2025 New York City Democratic mayoral primary and2025 New York City mayoral election

On October 23, 2024, Mamdani announced his candidacy formayor of New York City.[84] His platform included support for free city buses and a rent freeze in rent-stabilized housing.[85][86] Mamdani also wants the city government to operate fivegrocery stores—one in each borough—to drive down grocery prices.[87] His platform included support for universal child care and the construction of 200,000 new affordable housing units.[88] He also supportspublic safety reform and a $30minimum wage by 2030.[89] His platform called for corporate tax increases and for those earning above $1 million annually.[90]

For most of the primary campaign, Mamdani trailed former New York governorAndrew Cuomo in polling. He and Cuomo raised similar amounts of money, but his donor base was considerably larger than Cuomo's.[91] A poll taken shortly before the June 24, 2025,primary election showed that Mamdani had caught up to Cuomo.[92]First-choice results on election night showed Mamdani had a large lead over Cuomo,[93][94] who conceded the race that evening.[95] His polling margin was increased byranked choice voting, particularly because he and third-favored candidateBrad Lander cross-endorsed each other by asking their voters to rank the other candidate second.[96][97][98][99] Mamdani andMichael Blake also cross-endorsed each other a few days later.[100] On June 16,The New York Times editorial board advised voters not to rank Mamdani while criticizing Cuomo.[101]

On July 1, after the New York City Board of Elections released its ranked-choice ballot tabulation, the Associated Press announced Mamdani had won the primary.[102] It was considered a major upset.[103] A July 2025 poll indicated a shift inJewish American political attitudes, with 43% of Jewish New Yorkers and 67% of Jewish voters under 44 planning to support Mamdani—levels of support suggesting waning attachment to traditionalpro-Israel politics. But many Jewish leaders and voters remained critical of him.[104] Mamdani's campaign launch drew media attention for its use ofBollywood songs and cultural references, which aimed to engage younger and immigrant voters.[105][106]

Mamdani with Colombian PresidentGustavo Petro in New York City, September 26, 2025

During the primary, Mamdani's campaign was supported by theNew Yorkers for Lower Costs super PAC, which spent approximately $1.3 million supporting him and opposingCuomo before the primary and raised an additional $1 million afterward. The super PAC received $100,000 in contributions from the Unity and Justice Fund in May and June 2025. Cuomo accused Mamdani of accepting "dirty money", saying the Unity and Justice Fund was tied to theCouncil on American-Islamic Relations.[107]

After Mamdani won the primary, criticisms of and attacks against him used racist,xenophobic, andIslamophobic tropes, particularly references to the9/11 attacks and terrorism.[108][109] These criticisms and attacks came from across the political spectrum, and sparked concern and debate overIslamophobia in mainstream American politics.[110][111][112][113] The success of Mamdani's campaign was attributed in part to his use of social media to reach potential voters, especially younger voters.[114][115]

In early November, PresidentDonald Trump threatened to withdraw federal funding for New York City should Mamdani be elected mayor.[116] Mamdani was elected mayor on November 4, 2025.[117][118][119] He is the city's youngest mayor since 1892,[120] as well as the city's firstIndian American and Muslim mayor.[121][122] He is also the first foreign-born mayor sinceAbraham Beame, who was born in theUnited Kingdom.[123][124]

Mayor-elect and transition

Mamdani's meeting with presidentDonald Trump at theWhite House, November 21, 2025

On November 5, 2025, the day after the election, Mamdani announced the first members of his mayoral transition team, with Elana Leopold as executive director, and co-chairsMaria Torres-Springer, the former first deputy mayor;Lina Khan, the former chair of theFederal Trade Commission; and nonprofit executivesMelanie Hartzog and Grace Bonilla.[125] On November 10, he announced his selection of former first deputy mayorDean Fuleihan as his first deputy, and his former Assembly chief of staff and campaign managerElle Bisgaard-Church as his Chief of Staff.[126] He faced criticism for selecting Catherine Almonte Da Costa as director of appointments after past antisemitic comments of hers resurfaced; Da Costa resigned one day after her appointment.[127][128]

Mamdani met with President Trump at theWhite House on November 21. A spokesperson said the discussion would focus on public safety, economic security, and affordability.[129][130] After the meeting, Trump praised Mamdani and said they "agree on a lot more than I would have thought", following months of mutual criticism.[131][132]

Mamdani's mayoralty was expected to be the city's 111th, but a December 2025 review of city archives established that the enumeration of New York City mayors had omittedMatthias Nicoll's second mayoralty, and that Mamdani would therefore be the city's 112th mayor.[133][134]

Tenure

Main article:Mayoralty of Zohran Mamdani
Mamdani being ceremonially sworn in as mayor by Bernie Sanders
External videos
video iconMayor-Elect Mamdani Swearing-In, January 1, 2026,C-SPAN
video iconMayor Zohran Mamdani Inauguration Ceremony, January 1, 2026,C-SPAN

Mamdani's mayoralty began on January 1, 2026. New York Attorney GeneralLetitia James administered the oath of office in the abandonedCity Hall subway station just after midnight.[135] Mamdani took the oath on theQuran, making him the first mayor of the city to do so. He used two copies of the book, his grandfather's andArturo Alfonso Schomburg's.[136] A public inauguration was held in the afternoon, at which Mamdani was sworn in byBernie Sanders.[137][138] Speakers and performers at the inauguration included Sanders,Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,Javier Muñoz,Lucy Dacus, andMandy Patinkin.[139]

Mamdani's first act as mayor, immediately after taking the oath of office, was to appoint transportation consultant, educator, and formerNYC Department of Transportation director of capital planning and project management Mike Flynn as his Department of Transportation commissioner.[140] His firstexecutive order was to revoke all executive orders his predecessorEric Adams made after he wasindicted on bribery charges on September 25, 2024.[141][142]

One week after his inauguration, Mamdani and GovernorKathy Hochul announced a plan to expand free and low-cost childcare in New York City, with the aim to eventually provide universal free childcare.[143] One of Mamdani's first major challenges as mayor was managing the effects of aJanuary 2026 winter storm, which killed 14 people in New York City.[144][145][146]

Political positions

Main article:Political positions of Zohran Mamdani
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Mamdani identifies as ademocratic socialist,[65][147] and is a member of theDemocratic Socialists of America.[77][148] Described as aprogressive andleft-wing populist,[149][150] his policies have been characterized ascenter-left[151] andleft-wing.[152] His economic platform centers on equity and affordability—supporting debt relief fortaxi medallion owners,[153] strongerrent control, tenant protections, and a Social Housing Development Agency to build 200,000 affordable units.[154][155] InNew York City, he advocates raising the localminimum wage to $30 by 2030,[156] implementing higher taxes on corporations and high-income earners to fund free tuition atCUNY andSUNY,universal childcare,city-owned grocery stores, andfree public transit, while cutting taxes forouter-borough homeowners and reformingNew York's property tax system.[d] Mamdani citessewer socialism, a socialist movement centered inMilwaukee, Wisconsin in the early 20th century, as an inspiration for his vision of improving public infrastructure in New York City.[162]

Mamdani supportedProposal 1—a successful 2024 ballot measure that banned discrimination based on ethnicity, gender identity, disability, and reproductive rights—and backssingle-payer healthcare through theNew York Health Act.[163][164][165][166] He argues that "dignified work, economic stability, and well-resourced neighborhoods" prevent harm better than policing, proposing a civilian Department of Community Safety to handle mental health crises and community outreach.[167] He has voiced support fordefunding the NYPD and accused the department ofracism, for which he later apologized. As a mayoral candidate, he instead emphasized building a cooperative relationship with the department on violent crime prevention while reducing the involvement of police in other matters.[168][169][170]

Mamdani has condemned dictatorships inVenezuela andCuba while criticizing US sanctions on those countries.[171] Afterthe U.S. captured Nicolas Maduro and his wife, Mamdani called the action "a violation of federal and international law".[172][173] In January 2026, Mamdani criticized theIranian regime'sviolence againstanti-government protesters.[174] He has denounced Indian prime ministerNarendra Modi as a "war criminal"[175][176][177] and remains a critic of Israel and theGaza genocide,[178][179][180] describing its policies asapartheid[181] and supporting the movement toboycott, divest from, and sanction the country.[182] He co-sponsored the "Not on our dime!" bill to stop New York charities from fundingIsraeli settler violence.[183] After theOctober 7 attacks, Mamdani mourned all victims, condemnedHamas's attacks as war crimes,[184][181][185] and called for both sides to "lay down their arms" while advocating a permanentceasefire,[186] the end ofIsraeli occupation, and the end ofethnocratic policy in favor of "equal rights for all".[187][181][188][189] He said he would attempt to honor theInternational Criminal Court's warrants forIsraeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu andRussian president Vladimir Putin if they visit New York City.[190]

Mamdani connects environmental justice to social equity.[191] He opposed expansion of the gas-firedAstoria Energy power plant,[192][193] supports the All-Electric Buildings Act andcongestion pricing, and proposed a "Green Schools for a Healthier New York City" plan to retrofit schools withsolar panels, create green schoolyards, and establish resilience hubs.[194][195][196] His platform includes universalpre-K,baby baskets for new families, defending Hasidicyeshivas' autonomy,[197] expanding sanctuary protections for immigrants, making New York City anLGBTQ+ sanctuary city with an Office of LGBTQIA+ Affairs, and eliminating bus fares through expandedMTA funding and free transit initiatives.[e]

Following the deaths ofRenée Good andAlex Pretti, who were both killed by federal border patrol agents in January 2026, Mamdani has taken a bold stance againstICE. He has called for the organization's abolition, described both Good's and Pretti's killings as murders, and blamedDonald Trump's "year of cruelty" for Good's death.[203]

In February 2026, Mamdani signed an executive order requiring ICE agents to get judicial warrants in New York City.[204]

Personal life

Mamdani and Rama Duwaji at Mamdani's mayoral inauguration

Mamdani is adual citizen of Uganda and the United States; he wasnaturalized in the latter country in 2018.[205] He is a member of theTwelver sect ofShia Islam.[36][206] In 2021, Mamdani met animator and illustratorRama Duwaji onHinge, an online dating application.[207][208] They became engaged in October 2024,[207] held a privatenikah ceremony two months later inDubai,[209] and were married in February 2025 in acivil ceremony atNew York City Hall;[210] they also had a ceremony in Uganda in July 2025.[208] The couple resided in Mamdani's legislative district ofAstoria, Queens, nearSteinway Street,[14][208][211] until they moved intoGracie Mansion.[212]

Besides English, Mamdani can speak at least six other languages with varying degrees of proficiency: French,Hindi,Swahili,Luganda, Spanish, and Arabic.[213][214][215] He is afan of theEnglish football teamArsenal[216][217] and basketball team theNew York Knicks, whose games he has attended as part of past campaigns,[218] and also followscricket[219] andprofessional wrestling.[220] He is a shareholder of the Spanish soccer teamReal Oviedo, having been one of 20,000 people to purchase shares in the club in 2012 as part of a fundraising drive to stave off bankruptcy.[221][222]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Elected on both Democratic and WFP ballot lines in New York viaelectoral fusion.
  2. ^The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) are not a registered political party. Instead, they are a political organization for those with democratic socialist ideologies. Mamdani is a member of and is endorsed by theNew York City DSA chapter.
  3. ^
  4. ^Attributed to multiple references:[157][158][159][160][161]
  5. ^Attributed to multiple references:[198][199][200][201][202]

References

  1. ^Zohran K. Mamdani – Assembly District 36 – Video.Assembly Member Directory.New York State Assembly. June 6, 2023.Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  2. ^Mamdani, Zohran (June 15, 2020).New York for the Many | Zohran Mamdani (Vote June 23). Event occurs at 00:12.Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. RetrievedJune 27, 2025 – viaYouTube.
  3. ^One Year, One Movement. Zohran Mamdani for NYC. 2025.Archived from the original on October 14, 2025 – viaYouTube.
  4. ^Singh, Anshul (June 25, 2025).ज़ोहरान ममदानी: न्यूयॉर्क मेयर का चुनाव लड़ रहे भारतीय मूल के नेता कौन हैं? [Zohran Mamdani: Who are the Indian-American leaders running for New York mayor?].BBC News (in Hindi).BBC.Archived from the original on June 26, 2025. RetrievedJune 27, 2025.
  5. ^ज़ोहरान ममदानी बने न्यूयॉर्क सिटी के मेयर, पूंजीपतियों के विरोध और इस्लामोफोबिक हमलों के बीच रचा इतिहास [Zohran Mamdani becomes mayor of New York City, making history amid protests from capitalists and Islamophobic attacks].The Wire (in Hindi). November 5, 2025.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 6, 2025.
  6. ^Rahim, Shakoor (June 27, 2025).زہران ممدانی کے خلاف آن لائن نفرت میں اضافہ [Rise in online hate against Zohran Mamdani].Deutsche Welle (in Urdu).Archived from the original on June 28, 2025. RetrievedJune 27, 2025.
  7. ^Dawshi, Bandar (June 26, 2025).نیویارک کی میئرشپ کے لیے ڈیموکریٹک امیدوار زہران ممدانی پر ٹرمپ کی کڑی تنقید [Trump's harsh criticism of Democratic candidate Zohran Mamdani for New York's mayoralty.].Al Arabiya (in Urdu).Archived from the original on June 28, 2025. RetrievedJune 28, 2025.
  8. ^زوہران ممدانی نیو یارک کے محنت کش طبقے کے لیے زندگی کی لاگت کم کرنے کے لئے میئر کے عہدے کے لیے دوڑ رہے ہیں۔ [Zoharan Mamdani is running for mayor of New York to lower the cost of living for the city's working class].Zohran for NYC (in Urdu). Archived fromthe original on June 23, 2025. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  9. ^'روٹی، کپڑا اور مکان': نیو یارک کے پہلے مسلم میئر بننے کے خواہشمند ظہران ممدانی ڈیموکریٹک امیدوار منتخب ['Roti, Kapra aur Makān': Zohran Mamdani, who aspires to become New York's first Muslim mayor, has been selected as the Democratic candidate.].BBC News (in Urdu).BBC. June 23, 2025.Archived from the original on June 24, 2025. RetrievedJune 28, 2025.
  10. ^نیویارک میئر کا انتخاب، ڈیموکریٹک پارٹی کی جانب سے ظہران ممدانی کی نامزدگی.NHK World (in Urdu).NHK. June 26, 2025. Archived fromthe original on June 28, 2025. RetrievedJune 28, 2025.
  11. ^Zohran explains Ranked Choice Voting in Urdu/Hindi.Zohran for NYC (in Urdu). June 4, 2025. Event occurs at 1:38.Archived from the original on June 5, 2025. RetrievedJune 26, 2025 – viaYouTube.
  12. ^abKitunzi, Yahudu (June 7, 2025)."Mamdani's mayoral goal puts Uganda on the map".Monitor.Archived from the original on June 9, 2025. RetrievedJune 7, 2025.
  13. ^abMarcelo, Philip (June 25, 2025)."Who is Zohran Mamdani? State lawmaker seeks to become New York City's first Muslim and Indian American mayor".AP News.Archived from the original on June 25, 2025. RetrievedJune 27, 2025.
  14. ^abcdefJung, E. Alex (May 20, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani Crashes the Party".Intelligencer.Archived from the original on May 20, 2025. RetrievedJune 5, 2025.
  15. ^abDavids, Monah (October 26, 2024)."Ugandan-Born Zohran Mamdani Announces Candidacy for Mayor of New York City".Little Africa News.Archived from the original on June 11, 2025. RetrievedMarch 12, 2025.
  16. ^Roy, Rajesh (November 5, 2025)."'Badhai!' In India, a celebration for Zohran Mamdani's New York mayoral win and his roots".ABC News.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 6, 2025.
  17. ^abcChen, Kuan-Hsing; Gao, Shiming; Tang, Xiaolin (2016)."The formation of an African intellectual: an interview with Mahmood Mamdani".Inter-Asia Cultural Studies.17 (3):456–480.doi:10.1080/14649373.2016.1218676.
  18. ^Dupont, Joan (September 21, 2001)."Mira Nair Peels Back Layers of Punjabi Society".International Herald Tribune. Archived fromthe original on December 1, 2001. RetrievedJuly 15, 2025.Nair, who dedicates "Monsoon Wedding," to her Punjabi family in New Delhi, was educated at Harvard, and has made her home in Kampala, Uganda, and New York.
  19. ^Gajjar, Saloni (December 7, 2020)."Mira Nair on howA Suitable Boy love story transcends class, culture in post-independence India".NBC News.Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. RetrievedMay 8, 2021.Nair herself comes from a Hindu family, while her husband is Muslim.
  20. ^Nair, Suresh (November 6, 2001)."Mirage!".The Times of India.Archived from the original on June 25, 2025. RetrievedSeptember 10, 2025.My last name is actually Nayyar, but my grandfather used to spell it as Nair and we just continued the tradition.
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  150. ^López, Álvaro (November 6, 2025)."The Left Is About to Take Power. The Stakes Could Not Be Higher".ISSN 0027-8378.Archived from the original on November 7, 2025. RetrievedNovember 17, 2025.
  151. ^Eisele, Ines (November 3, 2025)."Fact check: Mamdani, a communist and pro-prostitution?! – DW – 11/04/2025".Deutsche Welle.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 4, 2025.Political scientists and experts agree that the 'communist' label is inaccurate. Mamdani does not advocate for state control of all industries or the abolition of private property — core tenets of communism ... Grzymala-Busse also explained why the term 'communist' is often used as a political weapon in the United States: 'Communism' is wielded as a weapon because during the Cold War, the Soviet Union was the enemy of the United States, and a whole rhetoric of good Americans vs. godless communists dominated. The Red Scare, the McCarthy hounding, the FBI investigations were all in the name of extirpating the enemy ideology. It's not surprising that it telegraphs 'bad' in the eyes of many people and is an easy way to slander anyone who might advocate for redistributive policies.' ... Mamdani is firmly in the center-left tradition, politically similar to the moderate factions of the SPD.
  152. ^Kozul-Wright, Alex (November 5, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani wins: Who are the Democratic Socialists of America?".Al Jazeera.Archived from the original on November 5, 2025. RetrievedNovember 6, 2025.Zohran Mamdani, 34, has been elected the 111th mayor of New York City. The left-wing state assemblyman has pledged to reshape the global financial capital by making the city more affordable for its working-class residents and pushing back against the policies of President Donald Trump. In the mayoral election, Democrat Mamdani stood as the candidate for both the Democratic Party and the Working Families Party. He has also been a member of the Democratic Socialists of America since 2017 and describes himself as a democratic socialist.
  153. ^Poblete, Gabriel; Corona, Kim (November 4, 2021)."Activist lawmakers share in taxi drivers' victory".City & State NY.Archived from the original on June 14, 2025. RetrievedJune 14, 2025.
  154. ^Braun, Martin Z (June 17, 2025)."NYC Mayoral Candidate Mamdani Seeks $70 Billion of Debt to Fund Affordable Housing".Bloomberg News. Archived fromthe original on June 17, 2025. RetrievedJune 21, 2025.
  155. ^Janaro, Chris (February 7, 2024)."Proposed State 'Social Housing' Authority Would Build Affordable Homes Outside the Private Market".City Limits.Archived from the original on January 19, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2025.
  156. ^Donaldson, Sahalie (February 13, 2025)."Mamdani unveils '$30 by '30' minimum wage push as part of mayoral campaign".City & State.Archived from the original on February 14, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2025.
  157. ^Kim, Elizabeth; Campbell, Jon (October 22, 2024)."State Assemblymember Zohran Mamdani joins Adams' challengers for NYC mayor".Gothamist.Archived from the original on October 22, 2024. RetrievedJune 5, 2025.
  158. ^Richardson, Kemberly (June 19, 2025)."NYC Mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani talks political policies, including tax proposal, rent freezes".WABC-TV.Archived from the original on June 20, 2025. RetrievedJune 21, 2025.
  159. ^Helmore, Edward (June 29, 2025)."Trump threatens to cut off New York City funds if Mamdani 'doesn't behave'".The Guardian.Archived from the original on June 29, 2025. RetrievedJuly 10, 2025.
  160. ^Yousif, Nadine (June 29, 2025)."NYC mayoral frontrunner Mamdani: 'I don't think we should have billionaires'".BBC News.Archived from the original on June 29, 2025. RetrievedJuly 10, 2025.
  161. ^Henderson, Cameron (June 27, 2025)."Socialist New York mayor would raise taxes on 'white neighbourhoods'".The Daily Telegraph. Archived fromthe original on June 29, 2025. RetrievedJuly 10, 2025.
  162. ^"Sewer Socialism? Start Here, City Hall".WNYC Studios.
  163. ^Mamdani, Zohran (October 23, 2024)."Opinion: New Yorkers should decide on reproductive justice — not politicians. Vote 'yes' on Prop 1".Queens Daily Eagle.Archived from the original on June 14, 2025. RetrievedJune 7, 2025.
  164. ^Bellafante, Gina (November 7, 2024)."A Silver Lining for New York Democrats".The New York Times.Archived from the original on December 15, 2024. RetrievedJune 7, 2025.
  165. ^Izaguirre, Anthony (November 2024)."What is Prop 1? NY votes on controversial constitutional amendment today".WNBC.Archived from the original on November 5, 2024.
  166. ^Lewis, Rebecca C. (April 28, 2023)."Zohran Mamdani is bringing Hollywood glamor to Albany".City & State NY.Archived from the original on May 1, 2023. RetrievedJuly 4, 2025.
  167. ^Sterne, Peter (October 23, 2024)."Could this pro-Palestinian socialist really be NYC's next mayor?".City & State NY.Archived from the original on November 22, 2024. RetrievedOctober 23, 2024.
  168. ^Mamdani, Zohran [@ZohranKMamdani] (June 28, 2020)."We don't need an investigation to know that the NYPD is racist, anti-queer & a major threat to public safety. What we need is to #DefundTheNYPD. But your deal with @NYCMayor uses budget tricks to keep as many cops as possible on the beat. NO to fake cuts – defund the police. https://t.co/2RCXU8heg2" (Tweet). Archived fromthe original on June 14, 2025. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025 – viaTwitter.
  169. ^French, Nick (June 13, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani Is Right on Public Safety".Jacobin.Archived from the original on June 13, 2025. RetrievedJune 30, 2025.
  170. ^Anuta, Joe (October 15, 2025)."Mamdani issues broad public apology to NYPD".POLITICO.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 9, 2025.
  171. ^Civita, Alicia; Civita, Matias (September 25, 2025)."Mamdani Breaks Silence About Maduro and Cuban President Díaz-Canel: How Jorge Ramos and Daughter Paola Got Him to Open Up — EXCLUSIVE".Latin Times.Archived from the original on September 25, 2025. RetrievedOctober 7, 2025.
  172. ^Bedigan, Mike (January 4, 2026)."Mamdani says he called Trump to personally object to Venezuela attack and capture of Maduro".The Independent. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2026.
  173. ^Fandos, Nicholas; Coleman, Maia (January 3, 2026)."Mamdani Called Trump to Criticize Venezuela Strikes".The New York Times. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2026.
  174. ^"New York City Mayor Mamdani criticizes Iran regime for treatment of protesters".CBS Austin. January 14, 2026.
  175. ^"Why Indian right is having a meltdown over Mamdani's win".TRT Global. June 26, 2025.Archived from the original on July 3, 2025. RetrievedJuly 3, 2025.
  176. ^Yang, Joshua (June 26, 2025)."Mamdani draws attention in India for harsh criticism of Modi".The Washington Post.Archived from the original on June 26, 2025. RetrievedJune 27, 2025.
  177. ^Ganguly, Sayan (June 27, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani's Gujarat Muslim remark draws flak, called out for 'blatant lies'".India Today.Archived from the original on June 27, 2025. RetrievedJuly 3, 2025.
  178. ^Stack, Liam (June 25, 2025)."Mamdani Has Long Criticized Israel. His Opponents Attack Him for It".The New York Times.Archived from the original on June 26, 2025. RetrievedNovember 6, 2025.
  179. ^Zohran Kwame Mamdani (October 31, 2024)."I will always be clear in my language and based in facts: Israel is committing a genocide".X (formerly Twitter). RetrievedJuly 1, 2025.
  180. ^Saadah, Yezen (July 15, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani Won't Be Silent on Palestine—Even If His Party Is".Institute for Palestine Studies.Archived from the original on July 26, 2025. RetrievedNovember 4, 2025.
  181. ^abcGlueck, Katie; Lerer, Lisa (June 25, 2025)."Mamdani's Success Spotlights a Deepening Rupture Among U.S. Jews".The New York Times.Archived from the original on June 27, 2025. RetrievedJuly 1, 2025.
  182. ^Stack, Liam (June 25, 2025)."Mamdani Has Long Criticized Israel. His Opponents Attack Him for It".The New York Times. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  183. ^McGreal, Chris (May 17, 2023)."New York law aims to stop funding of illegal Israeli settlements in West Bank".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077.Archived from the original on May 17, 2023. RetrievedNovember 6, 2025.
  184. ^New York City mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani | The View (Video). October 1, 2025. RetrievedNovember 3, 2025 – via Facebook.I condemn Hamas, of course, I have called Oct. 7 what it was, which was a horrific war crime and, of course, my belief in a universality in international law is also the same set of beliefs that led me to describe what's happening in Gaza as a genocide.
  185. ^Kornbluh, Jacob (April 28, 2025)."Why Zohran Mamdani believes he'll win over Jewish voters, as Israel critic surges to second behind Cuomo in NYC mayoral race".The Forward.Archived from the original on June 26, 2025. RetrievedJuly 1, 2025.described the celebration of the killing of civilians by some of the attendees at the NYC-DSA rally as "not befitting of a movement supporting universal human rights."
  186. ^Strauss, Joseph (October 17, 2025)."Mamdani says Hamas should 'lay down their arms' as Israel, Gaza and antisemitism reign in NYC mayoral debate".Jewish Telegraphic Agency.Archived from the original on October 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  187. ^Zohran Kwame Mamdani."My statement on the last 36 hours across Israel and Palestine".X (formerly Twitter). RetrievedJuly 1, 2025.
  188. ^Beeferman, Jason (June 24, 2025)."Critics say Zohran Mamdani is antisemitic. He says he's holding Israel accountable".Politico.Archived from the original on June 22, 2025. RetrievedJune 29, 2025.
  189. ^Arria, Michael (June 6, 2025)."Mamdani attacked for supporting equal rights in the Middle East".Mondoweiss.Archived from the original on June 6, 2025. RetrievedNovember 13, 2025.
  190. ^Vargas, Ramon Antonio (September 13, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani says as mayor he would arrest Benjamin Netanyahu if he traveled to New York".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. RetrievedNovember 18, 2025.
  191. ^Brown, Stephen (July 3, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani's green economy vision is what NYC needs". Green Economy Coalition.Archived from the original on July 22, 2025. RetrievedNovember 4, 2025.
  192. ^Donovan, Liz (October 27, 2021)."New York State Denies Permit for New Astoria Power Plant".City Limits. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  193. ^Ashford, Grace; Barnard, Anne (October 27, 2021)."How New York Just Took a Big Step Away From Fossil Fuels".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  194. ^Simões, Mariana (June 12, 2025)."Primary Voter Guide: The Mayoral Candidates' Plans on Climate & Environment".City Limits.Archived from the original on June 12, 2025. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  195. ^Redelmeier, Rebecca (January 14, 2025)."New York passed a ban on gas stoves in new buildings. Could Trump interfere?".WSKG-FM.Archived from the original on January 18, 2025. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  196. ^Hetland, Gabriel (April 22, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani Tackles Climate Change and New York City's Cost-of-Living Crisis".ISSN 0027-8378.Archived from the original on April 22, 2025. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  197. ^Kornbluh, Jacob (June 12, 2025)."'I will work to protect you,' Mamdani tells Orthodox voters in interview with Hasidic paper".Forward. RetrievedJune 29, 2025.
  198. ^Shapiro, Eliza (April 17, 2025)."The Child Care Crisis Is Motivating These New York City Voters".The New York Times.Archived from the original on June 14, 2025. RetrievedJune 5, 2025.
  199. ^Wexler, Sara (December 23, 2023)."Socialist Assemblymember Zohran Mamdani Wants to End Columbia and NYU's Tax-Exempt Status".Jacobin.Archived from the original on December 24, 2023. RetrievedApril 2, 2024.
  200. ^Hollie, Mia (June 25, 2025)."How Zohran Mamdani Answered Every Question in THE CITY's Meet Your Mayor Quiz".THE CITY – NYC News.Archived from the original on June 25, 2025. RetrievedJune 28, 2025.
  201. ^Pilkington, Ed (June 21, 2025)."'New Yorkers have been betrayed': can Zohran Mamdani become the most progressive mayor in the city's history?".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077.Archived from the original on June 21, 2025. RetrievedJune 28, 2025.
  202. ^Chen, Stefanos (July 3, 2025)."Mamdani's Win Has Put Buses in the Spotlight. Should They Be Free?".The New York Times.Archived from the original on July 3, 2025. RetrievedJuly 26, 2025.
  203. ^News, A. B. C."Mayor Mamdani says he supports abolishing ICE, calls for 'humanity' in dealing with immigration issues".ABC News. RetrievedFebruary 12, 2026.{{cite web}}:|last= has generic name (help)
  204. ^"Mamdani Signs Executive Order Requiring ICE Agents to Get Judicial Warrants in NYC | Common Dreams".www.commondreams.org. RetrievedFebruary 12, 2026.
  205. ^Ryan, Benjamin; Fandos, Nicholas; Rubinstein, Dana (July 3, 2025)."Mamdani Identified as Asian and African American on College Application".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on July 3, 2025. RetrievedJuly 4, 2025.He was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 2018 and is now a dual citizen of the United States and Uganda.
  206. ^@ZohranKMamdani (November 26, 2019)."Got mad love for my Ismaili's but I'm actually Ithna-Asheri 😊" (Tweet). RetrievedNovember 5, 2025 – viaTwitter.
  207. ^abPazmino, Gloria; John, Arit (November 2, 2025)."Rama Duwaji, Zohran Mamdani's wife, stays in the background by design".CNN.Archived from the original on November 3, 2025. RetrievedNovember 4, 2025.
  208. ^abcHasan, Sadiba (October 12, 2025)."When Your Hinge Date Is New York's Mayoral Front-Runner".The New York Times.Archived from the original on October 12, 2025. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  209. ^Bandyopadhyay, Bahni (November 5, 2025)."Did you know? Zohran Mamdani's wife went to school in Dubai, met him on Hinge".Khaleej Times.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 8, 2025.
  210. ^Craighead, Olivia (May 12, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani Hard-Launched His Wife".The Cut.Archived from the original on June 14, 2025. RetrievedMay 13, 2025.
  211. ^Noveck, Jocelyn (June 25, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani's wife Rama Duwaji is an animator, illustrator and ceramicist. And they met on Hinge".AP News. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  212. ^O'Keeffe, Ella (November 7, 2025)."Who Is NYC's First Lady? Introducing Rama Duwaji".Coveteur. RetrievedNovember 12, 2025.
  213. ^Muhumuza, Rodney (November 3, 2025)."In Uganda, where Zohran Mamdani was born, NYC mayoral hopeful is recalled with pride".AP News.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  214. ^Maag, Christopher (June 25, 2025)."Young Muslims Loved Zohran Mamdani, and Their Parents Listened to Them".The New York Times.Archived from the original on June 26, 2025. RetrievedJune 26, 2025.
  215. ^National, The."Zohran Mamdani makes a pledge to New Yorkers in Arabic – here's what it means".The National.Archived from the original on November 5, 2025. RetrievedNovember 8, 2025.
  216. ^Crafton, Adam (November 5, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani talks soccer: World Cup ticket prices and the Premier League title race".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on October 21, 2025. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  217. ^Bishop, Holly (November 24, 2025)."Zohran Mamdani is left speechless after receiving message from Arsenal legend".The Independent. RetrievedNovember 25, 2025.
  218. ^Oreskes, Benjamin (November 3, 2025)."Mamdani Takes in the Knicks From the Rafters, After Cuomo Sat Courtside".The New York Times.Archived from the original on November 3, 2025. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  219. ^Bakshi, Sahil (November 5, 2025)."The Cricket Connect To Zohran Mamdani's Historic NYC Mayoral Election Win".NDTV Sports.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 5, 2025.
  220. ^Pasbani, Rob (June 25, 2025)."NYC's Next Mayor? He's a Wrestling Fan Like Us".92.9 The Ticket.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2025.
  221. ^Chesterton, Max (November 7, 2025)."Why Zohran Mamdani owns shares in a Spanish football club".BBC News.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 9, 2025.
  222. ^"😅Unexpected: New York's new mayor is a shareholder at Oviedo".OneFootball. November 6, 2025.Archived from the original on November 17, 2025. RetrievedNovember 9, 2025.

External links

Zohran Mamdani at Wikipedia'ssister projects
Party political offices
Preceded byDemocratic nominee forMayor of New York City
2025		Most recent
Political offices
Preceded byMayor of New York City
2026–present		Incumbent
Preceded by Member of theNew York Assembly from the36th District
2021–2025		Succeeded by
Electoral history
Family
See also
Administration ofMayorZohran Mamdani (2026–present)
Cabinet
Aging
  • TBA
Buildings
  • Ahmed Tigani (2026–present)
Children's
  • Emily Liss (2026–present)
Planning
  • TBA
Citywide
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Consumer
  • Sam Levine (2026–present)
Correction
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Cultural
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Construction
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Education
Environment
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Finance
  • TBA
Fire
Health
  • TBA
Housing
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Technology
  • TBA
Investigation
  • TBA
Law
  • Steven Banks (2026–present)
Emergency
TBA
Parks
  • Tricia Shimamura (2026–present)
Police
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Records
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Sanitation
  • TBA
Small Business
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Social
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Transportation
  • Mike Flynn (2026–present)
Community
  • TBA
Executive officers
Deputies
First Deputy
Operations
  • Julia Kerson (2026–present)
Health
Housing
Policy
  • TBA
Safety
  • TBA
Economic Justice
Chief of Staff
Budget
  • Sherif Soliman (2026–present)
Chief Advisor
TBA
  1. Zohran Mamdani (D)
    New York City, NY
  2. Karen Bass (D)
    Los Angeles, CA
  3. Brandon Johnson (D)
    Chicago, IL
  4. John Whitmire (D)
    Houston, TX
  5. Kate Gallego (D)
    Phoenix, AZ
  6. Cherelle Parker (D)
    Philadelphia, PA
  7. Gina Ortiz Jones (D)
    San Antonio, TX
  8. Todd Gloria (D)
    San Diego, CA
  9. Eric Johnson (R)
    Dallas, TX
  10. Donna Deegan (D)
    Jacksonville, FL*
  11. Rick Blangiardi (I)
    Honolulu, HI*
  12. Kirk Watson (D)
    Austin, TX
  13. Matt Mahan (D)
    San Jose, CA
  14. Joe Hogsett (D)
    Indianapolis, IN*
  15. Mattie Parker (R)
    Fort Worth, TX
  16. Andrew Ginther (D)
    Columbus, OH
  17. Vi Lyles (D)
    Charlotte, NC
  18. Daniel Lurie (D)
    San Francisco, CA
  19. Craig Greenberg (D)
    Louisville, KY*
  20. Katie Wilson (D)
    Seattle, WA
  21. Mike Johnston (D)
    Denver, CO
  22. Freddie O'Connell (D)
    Nashville, TN*
  23. David Holt (R)
    Oklahoma City, OK
  24. Renard Johnson (D)
    El Paso, TX
  25. Muriel Bowser (D)
    Washington, DC
  26. Shelley Berkley (D)
    Las Vegas, NV
  27. Michelle Wu (D)
    Boston, MA
  28. Keith Wilson (D)
    Portland, OR
  29. Paul Young (D)
    Memphis, TN
  30. Mary Sheffield (D)
    Detroit, MI
  31. Brandon Scott (D)
    Baltimore, MD
  32. Cavalier Johnson (D)
    Milwaukee, WI
  33. Tim Keller (D)
    Albuquerque, NM
  34. Regina Romero (D)
    Tucson, AZ
  35. Jerry Dyer (R)
    Fresno, CA
  36. Kevin McCarty (D)
    Sacramento, CA
  37. Mark Freeman (R)
    Mesa, AZ
  38. Quinton Lucas (D)
    Kansas City, MO
  39. Andre Dickens (D)
    Atlanta, GA
  40. Yemi Mobolade (I)
    Colorado Springs, CO
  41. John Ewing Jr. (D)
    Omaha, NE
  42. Janet Cowell (D)
    Raleigh, NC
  43. Bobby Dyer (R)
    Virginia Beach, VA
  44. Rex Richardson (D)
    Long Beach, CA
  45. Eileen Higgins (D)
    Miami, FL
  46. Barbara Lee (D)
    Oakland, CA
  47. Jacob Frey (D)
    Minneapolis, MN
  48. Monroe Nichols (D)
    Tulsa, OK
  49. Karen Goh (R)
    Bakersfield, CA
  50. Jane Castor (D)
    Tampa, FL
*Honolulu,Indianapolis,Jacksonville,Louisville, andNashville haveconsolidated city-county governments where the mayor is elected by residents of the entire county, not just that of the main city; in these cases the population and respective rank are for the county.
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