Zhoushan 舟山市 | |
|---|---|
  .jpg) .jpg)  Left to right, top to bottom: Downtown, Shenjiamen port at night, Guoqi island, ship off theMount Putuo at sunset, street scene on the island of Mount Putuo. | |
 | |
 Location in Zhejiang | |
| Coordinates (Zhoushan municipal government):29°59′08″N122°12′27″E / 29.9856°N 122.2074°E /29.9856; 122.2074 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Zhejiang |
| County divisions | 4 |
| Township divisions | 45 |
| County established | Tang dynasty |
| Converted to prefecture-level city | 1987 |
| Municipal seat | Dinghai District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Yu Donglai (俞东来) |
| • Mayor | Wen Nuan (温暖) |
| Area | |
| 1,378 km2 (532 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 980.02 km2 (378.39 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 980.02 km2 (378.39 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census[1]) | |
| 1,157,817 | |
| • Density | 840.2/km2 (2,176/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 882,932 |
| • Urban density | 900.93/km2 (2,333.4/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 882,932 |
| • Metro density | 900.93/km2 (2,333.4/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 151.2 billion US$ 19.9 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 130,130 US$ 16,999 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 316000, 202450 forShengsi County |
| Area code | (0)580 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-ZJ-09 |
| License Plate | 浙L |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | www |
| Symbols | |
| Flower | Neolitsea aurata |
| Tree | Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis |
| Zhoushan | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 舟山 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Wu | Cieu平-se平(Ningbonese) Tseu平-sae平(Shanghainese) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Chusan | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | BargeIsland[note 1][3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Former names | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yongdong | |||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 甬东 | ||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 甬東 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | [Land] East ofYong [Land] East of theYong | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Wengshan | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 翁山 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Senior Island | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Changguo | |||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 昌国 | ||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 昌國 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Prosperous Country | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Dinghai | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 定海 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Stabilizing the Sea | ||||||||||||
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Zhoushan[a] is an urbanized archipelago with the administrative status of aprefecture-level city in the eastern Chinese province ofZhejiang.[b] It consists of an archipelago of islands at the southern mouth ofHangzhou Bay off the mainland city ofNingbo. The prefecture's city proper is Dinghai onZhoushan Island, now administered as the prefecture'sDinghai District. During the2020 census, Zhoushan Prefecture's population was 1,157,817, out of whom 882,932 lived in the builtup (or metro) area consisting of twourban districts ofDinghai andPutuo.[1]
On July 8, 2011, the central government approved Zhoushan asZhoushan Archipelago New Area, astate-level new area.
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The archipelago was inhabited 6,000 years ago, during theNeolithic by people of theHemudu culture. During theSpring and Autumn period, Zhoushan was called Yongdong, referring to its location east of theYong River. At the time, it belonged to thestate ofYue. The fishermen and sailors who inhabited the islands often engaged in piracy and became recruits for uprisings against the central authorities. At the time of theEastern Jin, the Zhoushan Islands served as the base forSun En's rebellion. Sun En, an adherent of theTaoist sect theWay of the Five Pecks of Rice, launched his rebellion around the year 400 and was defeated by Jin forces in 402.[4] Today's Zhoushan was first created asWengshanCounty inMing Prefecture in 738 under theTang.
In 863, the JapaneseBuddhist monkEgaku (慧萼)[5] and aPutuoshan local Zhang-shi (张氏) placed a statue ofGuanyin at Chaoyin Cave (潮音洞) that would later become a popular tourist and pilgrim destination. In 1073, under theSong, it was renamedChangguo County; this was upgraded to aprefecture in the earlyYuan dynasty. During theMing dynasty, especially between the years 1530 and 1560, Japanese and Chinese pirates used Zhoushan as one of their principal bases from which they launched attacks as far asNanjing; "the whole Chinese coast from northernShandong to westernGuangdong was ravaged to a distance of sixty miles inland."[6]
After suppression of the pirates, Zhoushan became an important commercial port of entry. Under the earlyQing dynasty, it played a similar role toXiamen andGuangzhou as a frequent port of call for Western traders.[7] Changguo Prefecture becameDinghai County within Zhejiang Province in 1688 under theQing. The restriction of all European trade to the port of Guangzhou in 1760 forced Westerners to leave Zhoushan. One of the requests ofLord Macartney's embassy to theQianlong Emperor in 1793 was an acquisition of "a small unfortified island near Zhoushan for the residence of English traders, storage of goods, and outfitting of ships." The Qianlong Emperor denied this request together with all the rest.[8]
British forces under CaptainCharles Elliotcaptured Zhoushan on July 5–6, 1840 during theFirst Opium War and evacuated it in early 1841, after Elliot reached an agreement withQishan, theGovernor-General ofTianjin (Tientsin) and Grand Secretary to theDaoguang Emperor, in exchange forHong Kong.[9] At that time, Zhoushan was a well known port while Hong Kong was still only a fishing village.[citation needed] The British Foreign SecretaryPalmerston was furious when he learned that Elliot agreed to the cede Zhoushan for Hong Kong, described as "a barren island with hardly a house on it".[citation needed] Elliot was dismissed in April 1841 for his blunder.[10] His replacementSir Henry Pottinger led a British fleet thatrecaptured Zhoushan on October 1, 1841.[11] TheFirst Opium War ended with conclusion of theTreaty of Nanjing in which China opened up the cities ofGuangzhou ("Canton"),Fuzhou ("Foochow"),Xiamen ("Amoy"),Ningbo ("Ningpo"), andShanghai to residence by British subjects for the purpose of trade. As a result, Britain no longer had any use for Zhoushan but it kept the island until 1846 as a guarantee for the treaty.[12] Dinghai was upgraded to a directly controlledsubprefecture (定海直隸廳) sometime in 1841.
Zhoushan was also occupied by the British in 1860 during theSecond Opium War.[citation needed]Wang Yijun, a leader of theTaiping rebels, attempted to retake Zhoushan from itsQing garrison on February 13, 1862 but was defeated and killed.
Following theXinhai Revolution and the establishment of theRepublic of China, Dinghai Subprefecture reverted to a county.Sun Yat-sen visited Zhoushan on August 25, 1916, writingSun Yat-sen's Travels in Putuo (遊普陀誌奇,You Putuo Zhiqi). On October 1, 1942, theJapanese shipLisbon Maru was transporting 1,800POWs toTokyo when she was attacked by theUSS Grouper offQingbing (青浜) orDongfu; one torpedo hit and she sank the next day. The fishermen of nearby Dongji (東極) rescued 384 of the British prisoners from the wreckage. Amid theChinese Civil War, Dinghai County lost Shengsi, which became an Archipelago Directly controlled District (列島直屬區) ofJiangsu in 1946, then a separate county in October 1949. The same year, Dinghai County was divided intoDinghai andWengzhou (翁洲) Counties. In November, theCommunistslanded on Dengbu Island, but were repulsed by the defenders.
Nevertheless, Zhoushan was overrun by the Communists on May 17, 1950. Wengzhou was merged back into Dinghai County, which made up part of Ningbo Prefecture, and Shengsi made up a special area (特区) and then county of theSongjiang Prefecture, then still part of Jiangsu. In March 1953, the Council of Ministers opted to establish the Zhoushan Prefecture, returning Shengsi and dividing Dinghai intoDinghai,Putuo, andDaishan. Ningbo'sXiangshan County was also briefly incorporated into this new prefecture from 1954 to 1958. From 1958 to May 1962, Zhoushan was incorporated into Ningbo before becoming a separate prefecture again. Shengsi was temporarily assigned toShanghai in the early 1960s. The short-lived Daqu County (大衢縣) was created in 1962 before being redivided between Daishan and Shengsi four years later.
Zhoushan was promoted to aprefecture-level "city" on January 27, 1987, with Dinghai and Putuo Counties upgraded to districts. The municipal People's Government was established on March 8 of that year. April of the same year, the ports of Zhoushan became open to foreign ships. On April 10, 1988, it became a coastal economic open zone.
Zhoushan administers twodistricts and twocounties. The city currently consists of 36 township-level divisions, including 17towns, 5townships and 14subdistricts. Detailed divisions are listed as follows.
| Map | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | Hanzi | Pinyin | Population(2010) | Terrestrial Area(km2) |
| Dinghai District | 定海区 | Dìnghǎi Qū | 464,184 | 568.8 |
| Putuo District | 普陀区 | Pǔtuó Qū | 378,805 | 458.6 |
| Daishan County | 岱山县 | Dàishān Xiàn | 202,164 | 326.5 |
| Shengsi County | 嵊泗县 | Shèngsì Xiàn | 76,108 | 86 |
In particular, Qiandao and Lincheng sub-districts of Dinghai District are governed by a special new town administration committee of Zhoushan.
The Zhoushan Archipelago, comprising 1,390islands and 3,306reefs, is outside ofHangzhou Bay. It is the largestarchipelago of China. Among these islands, 103 are inhabited all year round, 58 are larger than 1 square kilometer (0.39 sq mi), and only 12 have populations over 10,000. Below is a list of major inhabited islands.
(DH = Dinghai District, PT = Putuo District, DS = Daishan County, SS = Shengsi County)
There are six major islands (over 50 km2 (19 sq mi)):
There are 11 middle-size islands (between 10 and 50 km2 (3.9 and 19.3 sq mi)):
Zhoushan includes 20,800 km2 (8,031 sq mi) of marine territory, but only 1,440.12 km2 (556 sq mi) of land, 183.19 km2 (71 sq mi) of which are submerged during high tides. It is 182 km (113 mi) east-west and 169 km (105 mi) north-south and although heavily populated now has few farms.
Zhoushan has a four-season,monsoon-influencedhumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa), with cool, damp winters, and hot, humid summers. Conditions, especially during summer, are generally moderated by the surrounding waters of the East China Sea, bringing a January average of 6.2 °C (43.2 °F) and August average of 27.8 °C (82.0 °F), with an annual mean of 17.1 °C (62.8 °F). The highest temperature on record was 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) on 8 August 2013, which is 1.7°C higher than the second highest temperature. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, with the greatest rainfall during summer. With 1,823.7 hours of bright sunshine annually, ranging from 30% sunshine in June to 53% in July and August, the second half of the year is sunnier.
| Climate data for Zhoushan (Dinghai District), elevation 36 m (118 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) | 26.6 (79.9) | 30.4 (86.7) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.9 (91.2) | 35.7 (96.3) | 40.2 (104.4) | 42.3 (108.1) | 38.6 (101.5) | 34.0 (93.2) | 28.7 (83.7) | 27.5 (81.5) | 42.3 (108.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) | 11.2 (52.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 19.6 (67.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 27.1 (80.8) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.6 (88.9) | 28.1 (82.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 12.8 (55.0) | 21.0 (69.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) | 7.2 (45.0) | 10.3 (50.5) | 15.1 (59.2) | 19.8 (67.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.8 (82.0) | 24.5 (76.1) | 19.8 (67.6) | 14.7 (58.5) | 8.9 (48.0) | 17.1 (62.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 4.2 (39.6) | 7.1 (44.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 16.5 (61.7) | 20.8 (69.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.8 (62.2) | 11.7 (53.1) | 5.9 (42.6) | 14.2 (57.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −4.9 (23.2) | −3.0 (26.6) | 0.8 (33.4) | 7.2 (45.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 17.9 (64.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 12.6 (54.7) | 5.7 (42.3) | 0.6 (33.1) | −4.4 (24.1) | −6.1 (21.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 77.6 (3.06) | 78.5 (3.09) | 125.4 (4.94) | 105.6 (4.16) | 125.2 (4.93) | 208.3 (8.20) | 116.4 (4.58) | 188.3 (7.41) | 173.2 (6.82) | 113.1 (4.45) | 81.8 (3.22) | 79.1 (3.11) | 1,472.5 (57.97) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.1 | 11.4 | 15.3 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 15.8 | 10.6 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 9.0 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 148.5 |
| Average snowy days | 2.7 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 6.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 75 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 80 | 86 | 83 | 82 | 79 | 75 | 76 | 73 | 78 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 109.9 | 112.4 | 132.8 | 159.9 | 163.6 | 124.4 | 226.9 | 214.1 | 167.7 | 165.1 | 122.4 | 124.5 | 1,823.7 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 34 | 36 | 36 | 41 | 39 | 30 | 53 | 53 | 46 | 47 | 39 | 39 | 41 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[13][14] | |||||||||||||
According to the report from theSixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, the total population of Zhoushan Municipality is 1,121,261 with 588,414 males and 532,847 females as of 1 November 2010, among which an overwhelmingly majority isHan Chinese (1,109,813). The number of households is about 454,800. For an administrative division distribution,Dinghai District has a population of 464,184,Putuo District has a population of 378,805,Daishan County has a population of 202,164 andShengsi County has a population of 76,108. In terms of education attainment, about 10 percent of the total population (115,286) has received higher education, while a population of 77,577 is illiterate or semiliterate. In terms of age distribution, there is a child (aged 0–14) population of 114,265 and a senior population of 176,331.[17]
Traditionally Zhoushan had relied heavily on theprimary sector, especiallyfishing, given Zhoushan is the largestfishery in China. Nowadays with the development of thesecondary andtertiary sectors, Zhoushan's economic base has been largely diversified. Ship building and repairing, shipping, light industry, tourism and service industry grow to be the major contributors of local economic output. In 2016, the entire municipality achieved a totalGross Domestic Product (GDP) of 122.85 billion yuan (approximately 16,013 US dollars per capita), with an increase of 11.3% from the previous year.[18] The city continuously ranked 3rd among 11 municipalities ofZhejiang Province. However, since Zhoushan has a significantly smaller population compared with other municipalities, the absolute figure of total GDP still ranked the last place in the province. The structure of three sectors of industry is 10.6 : 39.8 : 49.6. In 2012, Zhoushan Port alone processed 290,990 kilotons of cargo. If combined with Ningbo Port (Ningbo and Zhoushan Ports are essentially one port with shared infrastructure, harbor basin and administrative collaboration), the entire greater port handled approximately 744,000 kilotons of cargo, surpassingShanghai Port to be world's new busiest port in terms of cargo tonnage.[19]
In 2012, Zhoushan's per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 34,224 yuan, with a 12.2% increase from the previous year (an increase of 10.3% considering the price and inflation factors). On the other hand, Zhoushan's per capital net income of rural residents reached 18,601 yuan, with a 12.9% increase from the previous year (an increase of 11.0% considering the price and inflation factors). TheEngel's Coefficients for urban and rural residents are 35.9% and 38.1% respectively. The average housing building areas are 32.39 and 49.10 square meters for urban and rural residents respectively.[20]
Zhoushan is served by different modes of transportation, including air, highway and water. The transportation condition in Zhoushan has been improved largely during recent years, especially after the opening of Zhoushan Trans-Oceanic Bridges in 2009, which established a stable corridor connecting to the continent and converted Zhoushan into a peninsula per se. Due to geographical isolation, Zhoushan is the only one of the municipalities in Zhejiang Province which is not served with rail transportation.
There exist 2 power connections:HVDC Zhoushan, the first HVDC built in China andZhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie with the tallest electricity pylons in the world, as well as the world'slongest span.[citation needed]
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Zhoushan, which proudly boasts two national level key scenic areas (Mount Putuo and Shengsi Islands) and two provincial level key scenic areas (Taohua Island and Daishan), is always praised to be the "backyard garden" ofYangtze River Delta. Beside these scenic areas, Zhoushan has an abundance of points of interest, landscape forms and tourism resources, many of which are still under development, due to its rich historic and natural endowment. Conveniently connected to the continental part of the delta, Zhoushan attracted 27.71 million visitors (which is approximately 25 times its population), 310.5 thousand of whom were from abroad, in 2012 alone. Tourism and its related services have risen to be a very important sector of the municipal economy with a total tourism revenue of 26.68 billion yuan, according to the 2012 statistic.[23]
Mount Putuo National Scenic Area (普陀山国家级重点风景名胜区) consists of two parts, Mount Putuo and Zhujiajian Eastern Coast, although most people would easily ignore the latter part due to its overwhelming fame of Mount Putuo. The scenic area, with a total area of 41.85 square kilometers (16.16 sq mi), is the only place in China where combines the mountain and sea views, and religious culture perfectly.
On a visit in the early 1830s, missionaryKarl Gützlaff noted that the island of "Poo-to" boasted two large and 60 small temples, attended by 2,000 monks,
To every person who visits this island, it appears at first like a fairy land, so romantic is everything which meets the eye. Those large inscriptions hewn in solid granite, the many temples which appear in every direction, the highly picturesque scenery itself, with its many-peaked, riven, and detached rocks, and above all a stately mausoleum, the largest which I have ever seen, containing the bones and ashes of thousands of priests, quite bewilder the imagination.[24]
Mount Putuo (普陀山), also named Mount Meicen (梅岑山) and Mount Baihua (白华山), is considered thebodhimanda ofAvalokitesvara (Guanyin), a revered Bodhisattva in many parts of East Asia. It is one of the four sacred mountains inChinese Buddhism, the others beingMount Wutai,Mount Jiuhua, andMount Emei. However, different from other three sacred mountains which are mountains with heights of more than 1,000 meters (3,300 ft), Mount Putuo is actually a small island with a total area of 12.5 km2 (4.8 sq mi), the highest point of which is Peak Foding (291.3 m or 956 ft above sea level). Mount Putuo features three grand temples (Puji Temple, Fayu Temple, and Huiji Temple), three treasures (Tahoto Pagoda, Yangzhi Guanyin Stele, and Nine-Dragon Caisson), three rocks (Rock Pantuo, Heart Rock, and Rock Ergui Tingfa), three caves (Cave Chaoyang, Cave Chaoyin and Cave Fanyin), 88 nunneries and 128 huts, and twelve scenes. Mount Putuo was praised in various historic records. It is often titled as Bulguksa Among Seas and Skies (海天佛国), or Sacred Ground on the Southern Seas (南海圣境). Mount Putuo is always mentioned in the same breath with theWest Lake inHangzhou, another national scenic area of Zhejiang. West Lake is considered to be the foremost place that combines mountain and lake views, whereas Mount Putuo is deemed as the top place where integrates mountain and sea views (以山而兼湖之胜，则推西湖；以山而兼海之胜，当推普陀).
Zhujiajian (朱家尖) is the fifth largest island of the archipelago and a newly developed seaside resort with intriguing seascapes, unmarred beaches, dense woods, sheer rock cliffs, hills for hiking, extraordinary seafood and displays of fishermen folk culture. It is home to the Zhoushan International Sand Sculpture Festival, which is held on the Nansha Beach, one of the five consecutive beaches, at the turn of summer and autumn every year.[25] Daqing Mountain is the best location to get the incomparable view of southern Zhoushan Islands and the continental China (Chuanshan Peninsula) on clear days. It is also an ideal place for extreme sports, such as car racing, mountain cycling, gliding, rock climbing and bungee jumping. Baishan Mountain features huge natural rocks of different shapes, Guanyin carving on the cliff, and the Putuo Impression show, directed by Zhang Yimou. Zhujiajian is also the site for Mount Putuo Buddhist Academy. Wushitang (Dark Stone Beach) is the 500-meter (1,600 ft) beach consisting of numerous dark colored pebbles.
Shengsi Islands National Scenic Area (嵊泗列岛国家级重点风景名胜区) is the only national level scenic area in China that is established on a group of natural islands. The scenic area, consisting of hundreds of islands outlying theHangzhou Bay, boasts multiple quality beaches, rocks, and cliffs. Although it is commonly endowed with natural seascape beauty, each island is unique. Jihu and Nanchangtu Twin Beaches, the northernmost sand beaches of Southern China (and the natural beaches closest to Shanghai), make Sijiao Island a popular tourism destination. Shengshan is one of the most important fishing ports on the East China Sea. The eastern coast of Shengshan Island features steep cliffs, an ideal place to view sunrise above the sea. On the north coast is the abandoned fishing village ofHoutouwan, now overgrown with vegetation. Gouqi Island has well-preserved fishing villages and cultures, the largest aquatic farm in China and the Mountain and Sea Wonders (山海奇观) rock that was believed to be left by General Hou Jigao of theMing dynasty, who defended the southeastern coast against the raids fromwokou. Huaniao Island features the Huaniao Lighthouse, initially built in 1870 with the reputation of the first lighthouse of theFar East (远东第一灯塔), that stands on the busiest shipping route in China entering and leaving Shanghai and theYangtze River. The lighthouse has been on theNational Major Historical and Cultural Sites list under protection since 2001.
Taohua Island is the most botanically diversified island in Zhejiang's coastal area, with nearly 600 species of trees and plants, including oranges, orchids and narcissus – and now peach trees. It is also a popular site for shooting movies and TV series based onJin Yong's novels. Four Chinese TV serials – "The Eagle-Shooting Heroes," "Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils," "The Return of the Condor Heroes" and "Duke of Mount Deer" – were filmed on the island. Starting from 2004, the Jin Yong Martial Arts (Wuxia) Culture Festival is held here every other year around summer. It offers dazzling martial arts performances and competitions, all thrilling for Cha's fans.[26]
Daishan (岱山), originally known as Penglai, is believed to have been reached byXu Fu of theQin dynasty during his eastward journey toJapan. Mount Moxin, with a height of 257 meters (843 ft) above sea level, is the highest peak onDaishan Island, from where visitors can get the fantastic view of Gaoting, the county seat, and nearby islands and water channels. Ciyun Temple is the major temple on Mount Moxin and a popular scenic spot. Lulan-qingsha Beach, measuring 3,600 meters (11,800 ft) long and 500 meters (1,600 ft) wide, is the single longest beach ofEastern China. It is an ideal place for camping, flying kites, and movie-shooting. The beach is also the location for yearly worship services or matsuris of the ocean for fishing harvest. Dongsha Ancient Town was once the county seat of Daishan, with hundreds years of commercial and exchange activities associated to traditional fishing industry. Several major buildings and facilities have been well protected. Shuanghe features wonderful large-scale man-made cliffs and precipices which are the result of hundreds years of carving for granite materials for architectural purposes. Daishan has the reputation of being a county of museums. Its collection of museums include themes such as fishing culture, Zhoushan dialect, typhoon, lighthouse, salt production, etc. Besides the above-stated attractions on Daishan Island, other islands are noteworthy as well. For example, Xiushan Island features the only inter-tidal mud theme park in China. Qushan Island features Mount Guanyin, which is also a bodhimanda of Guanyin. Changtu is a traditional fishing port.
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Zhoushan City has 111 licensed kindergartens, 62 primary schools, 34 middle schools, 16 high schools, 7 vocational schools, and 3 higher-educational level colleges and universities.[27]Zhoushan High School, Dinghai First High School, Putuo High School, Daishan High School, and Shengsi High School are province level key public high schools. Putuo No.2 Middle School is one of the noted secondary schools in the Putuo District. Nanhai Experimental School, located at Lincheng Sub-District of Dinghai and established in 2001, is a major private school.Zhejiang Ocean University andZhejiang University (Zhoushan Campus) are two well-known universities in the city.[citation needed]
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This article incorporates text fromThe Imperial Gazetteer, by Walter Graham Blackie, a publication from 1875, now in thepublic domain in the United States.
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