Zhangqiu 章丘区 Changkiu | |
|---|---|
 Yao Lake  Xinglin Reservoir  Qixingtai | |
  Zhangqiu Location in Shandong | |
| Coordinates:36°41′35″N117°31′05″E / 36.693°N 117.518°E /36.693; 117.518[1] | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| Sub-provincial city | Jinan |
| Area | |
• District | 1,721.29 km2 (664.59 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,721.29 km2 (664.59 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[3] | |
• District | 1,075,784 |
| • Density | 624.987/km2 (1,618.71/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,064,210 |
| • Metro density | 618.263/km2 (1,601.29/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 250200 |
Zhangqiu (simplified Chinese:章丘;traditional Chinese:章邱;pinyin:Zhāngqiū) is one of 10urban districts of theprefecture-level city ofJinan, the capital ofShandong Province,EastChina. The district has an area of 1721.29 square kilometers, 20 towns, 908 villages and the permanent resident population was 1,075,784 as of 2020[update] even though its built-up (or metro) area is much smaller.[4]
Zhangqiu is the home toLongshan Culture that existed around 2900-2100 BC. Longshan Culture is known for its black ceramics and the earliest features to late characterize the Shang civilization,scapulimancy andhangtu construction (seeChengziya Archaeological Site).
During theSpring and Autumn period, Zhangqiu was governed byState of Qi in the west andState of Tan in the east, until Tan was conquered by Qi in 684 BCE. Under Qi's rule, there were five estates: Pingying (平陵邑), Ning (寧邑), Tai (臺邑), Cui (崔邑), and Lai (賴邑); among them, estate of Cui later became the origin of Chinese surnameCui and Korean surnameChoi, as well as the famousCui clan of Boling andCui clan of Qinghe.
It is believed that the local name Zhangqiu or Zhangqiu Hill (章丘山) is named afterQi general Kuang Zhang (匡章), who ledBattle of Chuisha and buried here; 'qiu' (丘) stands for 'hill, mound', which refers to the tomb of Kuang Zhang. DuringLiu Song dynasty in 5th century, Gaotang (高唐) County was set here, and in 596, the name was changed into Zhangqiu to avoid confliation in name with anotherGaotang County (in present dayLiaocheng) in this region. The Zhangqiu County has Mingshui (明水) as its capital, and it was affiliated to Jinan from the 10th century to the end ofQing dynasty in 1911.
In 1735, the writing of Zhangqiu was changed from 章丘 to 章邱, as first "Qiu" (丘) was the name ofConfucius, the change was reverted after the 1950s[5].
After theRepublic of China was founded, all counties changed their statusto be directly administered by the province, like in the United States. Zhangqiu went back to be a part of Jinan in 1953, after the communist established the regime. In August 1992 Zhangqiu County was upgraded into Zhangqiu City.
As of 2017[update], this county is divided to 15 subdistricts and 3 towns.[6]
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-Subdistricts are upgraded from towns.
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- Former Town is merged to other.
- Former Townships is merged to other.
| Climate data for Zhangqiu, elevation 122 m (400 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 30.8 (87.4) | 34.6 (94.3) | 38.4 (101.1) | 40.5 (104.9) | 40.7 (105.3) | 36.9 (98.4) | 38.4 (101.1) | 34.0 (93.2) | 25.6 (78.1) | 19.0 (66.2) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) | 7.8 (46.0) | 14.1 (57.4) | 21.6 (70.9) | 27.1 (80.8) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.8 (89.2) | 30.2 (86.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 21.0 (69.8) | 12.6 (54.7) | 5.7 (42.3) | 19.5 (67.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | 2.2 (36.0) | 8.4 (47.1) | 15.7 (60.3) | 21.5 (70.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 27.3 (81.1) | 25.6 (78.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.5 (59.9) | 7.6 (45.7) | 0.9 (33.6) | 14.2 (57.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.7 (21.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | 3.0 (37.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.5 (68.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 10.2 (50.4) | 2.8 (37.0) | −3.4 (25.9) | 9.3 (48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.1 (−6.0) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −12.9 (8.8) | −6.1 (21.0) | −0.1 (31.8) | 9.2 (48.6) | 14.1 (57.4) | 11.6 (52.9) | 4.9 (40.8) | −4.9 (23.2) | −15.6 (3.9) | −26.8 (−16.2) | −26.8 (−16.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 4.9 (0.19) | 10.6 (0.42) | 12.4 (0.49) | 30.8 (1.21) | 68.6 (2.70) | 88.9 (3.50) | 173.0 (6.81) | 155.2 (6.11) | 58.5 (2.30) | 29.4 (1.16) | 24.4 (0.96) | 7.0 (0.28) | 663.7 (26.13) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 12.2 | 11.6 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 74.4 |
| Average snowy days | 3.6 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 11.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 51 | 47 | 49 | 54 | 56 | 73 | 78 | 68 | 60 | 58 | 56 | 59 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 149.1 | 156.7 | 198.1 | 225.8 | 249.9 | 218.2 | 179.3 | 181.7 | 180.8 | 188.5 | 157.4 | 148.6 | 2,234.1 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 48 | 51 | 53 | 57 | 57 | 50 | 40 | 44 | 49 | 55 | 52 | 50 | 51 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Located in central Shandong province, Zhangqiu is 50 kilometers to the east of Jinan, the capital ofShandong province. It is 120 kilometers north fromMount Tai and theYellow River is the north border of Zhangqiu.Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport is situated at Yaoqiang Village of Zhangqiu.
Zhangqiu is known for its springs and scenery outside the crowded city of Jinan.[citation needed] The East Jingshi Road and several Province Highways connect Mingshui and Jinan.
统计用区划代码 名称 370114001000 明水街道办事处 370114002000 双山街道办事处 370114003000 枣园街道办事处 370114004000 龙山街道办事处 370114005000 埠村街道办事处 370114006000 圣井街道办事处 370114007000 普集街道办事处 370114008000 绣惠街道办事处 370114009000 相公庄街道办事处 370114010000 文祖街道办事处 370114011000 官庄街道办事处 370114012000 高官寨街道办事处 370114013000 白云湖街道办事处 370114014000 宁家埠街道办事处 370114015000 曹范街道办事处 370114100000 刁镇 370114101000 垛庄镇 370114102000 黄河镇
