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Zgierz

Coordinates:51°51′N19°25′E / 51.850°N 19.417°E /51.850; 19.417
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City in Poland
See also:Zgierz, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Place in Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Zgierz
Town hall (Ratusz) Steeple of Saint Catherine church seen in the background
Town hall (Ratusz)
Steeple of Saint Catherine church seen in the background
Flag of Zgierz
Flag
Coat of arms of Zgierz
Coat of arms
Zgierz is located in Poland
Zgierz
Zgierz
Coordinates:51°51′N19°25′E / 51.850°N 19.417°E /51.850; 19.417
Country Poland
Voivodeship Łódź
CountyZgierz
GminaZgierz(urban gmina)
First mentioned1231
City rightsbefore 1244
Government
 • City mayorPrzemysław Staniszewski
Area
 • Total
42.33 km2 (16.34 sq mi)
Elevation
40 m (130 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2021)
 • Total
54,974Decrease[1]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
95-100 to 95-110
Area code(+48) 42
Car platesEZG
Websitehttp://www.umz.zgierz.pl

Zgierz[zɡʲɛʂ] is a city in centralPoland, located just to the north ofŁódź, and part of themetropolitan area centered on that city. As of 2021, it had a population of 54,974.[1] Located within the historicŁęczyca Land, it is the capital ofZgierz County in theŁódź Voivodeship.

History

[edit]

Zgierz is one of the oldest cities in central Poland. The oldest known mention of Zgierz comes from 1231, when two dukes of fragmentedPiast-ruledPoland,Władysław Odonic of Greater Poland andKonrad I of Masovia, held a meeting there.[2] Zgierz acquired itstown rights some time before 1288, and those rights were renewed by Polish KingWładysław II Jagiełło in 1420.[2] In 1494, KingJohn I Albert exempted the town from taxes for 10 years, and in 1504, KingAlexander Jagiellon established three annualfairs.[2] Zgierz was aroyal city of Poland, administratively located in the Łęczyca County in theŁęczyca Voivodeship in theGreater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.[3]

During the joint German-Sovietinvasion of Poland, which startedWorld War II, on 3 and 5 September 1939, Zgierz was raided by Germany, and captured on September 6.[2] Already in September 1939, the Germans committed firstatrocities against Poles and carried out executions of Polish civilian defenders.[4] Inhabitants of Zgierz were also amongPoles murdered in nearbyŁagiewniki on September 12 and inRetki on September 16.[5] As part theIntelligenzaktion, Germans carried out large massacres of Poles from the region in the nearby forests of Łagiewniki andLućmierz, killing hundreds and thousands of people respectively.[6] Germans also carried outexpulsions of Poles and deported over 8,000 people toforced labour to Germany.[2] Some were also killed inNazi concentration camps, including the interwar director of the local State School of Economics, Jakub Stefan Cezak, and local Protestant parish priest, Aleksander Falzman.[2] Schools were closed, factories werelooted, Polish monuments were destroyed.[2] Despite this, thePolish underground resistance movement was active in Zgierz.[2]

Commemoration of the 72nd anniversary of the German massacre of 100 Poles in Zgierz

Before the war, Zgierz had a thrivingJewish community of around 4,000, which formed 16,6% of the town's populace as of 1931.[2] When the Germansoccupied the town, they began persecuting the Jews, with the assistance of local ethnicGermans. The synagogue was burned and Jews were kidnapped from the streets for forced labor. Many tried to flee the town, though some of these returned. In December, 1939, the Germans deported 2500 of the Jews toGłowno in theGeneral Gouvernment, German-occupied central Poland. Left behind were fewer than 100 Jews, mostly craftsmen thought to be useful to the Germans. In 1942, these Jews were deported to theŁódź Ghetto. This history is unusual in that no mass killings in Zgierz were reported. Of course, the Jews deported to Łódz and Głowno were caught up in the fate of those communities, and most were later deported to theTreblinka extermination camp. As many as 350 Jewish residents of Zgierz survived the war, but did not return to the town.[7]

On 20 March 1942, the Germans carried out a public execution of 100 Poles in the town, who were then buried inLućmierz-Las.[8] A memorial was erected at the site of the massacre after the war.[8] Around 50 Poles from Zgierz took part in theWarsaw Uprising in 1944.[2] In total over 7,600 inhabitants of Zgierz died under German occupation, which ended in January 1945.[2]

Town limits were expanded in 1954, 1959, and 1988.[2]

Sports

[edit]

The localfootball team isBoruta Zgierz [pl]. It competes in the lower leagues.

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Zgierz istwinned with:[9]

Panorama

[edit]
Panorama of the Jan Paweł II square in Zgierz.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved18 August 2022. Data for territorial unit 1020031.
  2. ^abcdefghijkl"Kalendarium historyczne".Miasto Zgierz (in Polish). Retrieved31 October 2020.
  3. ^Atlas historyczny Polski. Województwo sieradzkie i województwo łęczyckie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut HistoriiPolskiej Akademii Nauk. 1998. p. 3.
  4. ^Wardzyńska, Maria (2009).Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa:IPN. p. 292.
  5. ^Wardzyńska, p. 94, 96
  6. ^Wardzyńska, p. 204-205
  7. ^Megargee, Geoffrey (2012).Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II 127–8.ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
  8. ^ab"Pomnik Stu Straconych".Miasto Zgierz (in Polish). Retrieved31 October 2020.
  9. ^"Miasta partnerskie".miasto.zgierz.pl (in Polish). Zgierz. Retrieved29 March 2021.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toZgierz.
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