| Zeus | |
|---|---|
| Malware details | |
| Type | Trojan Horse |
| Origin | July 2007 |
Zeus is aTrojan horsemalware package that runs on versions ofMicrosoft Windows. It is often used to stealbanking information byman-in-the-browserkeystroke logging andform grabbing.[1] Zeus is spread mainly throughdrive-by downloads andphishing schemes. First identified in July 2007 when it was used to steal information from theUnited States Department of Transportation,[2] it became more widespread in March 2009. In June 2009 security companyPrevx discovered that Zeus had compromised over 74,000FTP accounts on websites of such companies as theBank of America,NASA,Monster.com,ABC,Oracle, Play.com,Cisco,Amazon, andBusinessWeek.[3] Similarly toKoobface, Zeus has also been used to trick victims oftechnical support scams into giving thescam artists money through pop-up messages that claim the user has avirus, when in reality they might have no viruses at all. The scammers may use programs such asCommand prompt orEvent viewer to make the user believe that their computer is infected.[4]
Zeus is very difficult to detect even with up-to-date antivirus and other security software as it hides itself usingstealth techniques.[5] It is considered that this is the primary reason why the Zeus malware then had become the largest botnet on the Internet:Damballa estimated that the malware infected 3.6 millionPCs in the U.S. in 2009.[6] Security experts are advising that businesses continue to offer training to users to teach them not to click on hostile or suspicious links in emails or Web sites, and to keepantivirus protection up to date. Antivirus software does not claim to reliably prevent infection; for example Symantec's Browser Protection says that it can prevent "some infection attempts".[7]
In October 2010 the USFBI announced that hackers inEastern Europe had managed to infect computers around the world using Zeus.[8] The virus was distributed in an e-mail, and when targeted individuals at businesses and municipalities opened the e-mail, the trojan software installed itself on the victimized computer, secretly capturing passwords, account numbers, and other data used to log into online banking accounts.
The hackers then used this information to take over the victims’ bank accounts and make unauthorized transfers of thousands of dollars at a time, often routing the funds to other accounts controlled by a network ofmoney mules, paid a commission. Many of the U.S. money mules were recruited from overseas. They created bank accounts using fake documents and false names. Once the money was in the accounts, the mules would either wire it back to their bosses in Eastern Europe, or withdraw it in cash and smuggle it out of the country.[9]
More than 100 people were arrested on charges of conspiracy to commitbank fraud andmoney laundering, over 90 in the US, and the others in theUK andUkraine.[10] Members of the ring had stolen $70 million.
In 2013Hamza Bendelladj, known as Bx1 online, was arrested in Thailand[11] and deported toAtlanta, Georgia, USA. Early reports said that he was the mastermind behind ZeuS. He was accused of operatingSpyEye (a bot functionally similar to ZeuS) botnets, and suspected of also operating ZeuS botnets. He was charged with several counts of wire fraud and computer fraud and abuse.[12] Court papers allege that from 2009 to 2011 Bendelladj and others "developed, marketed, and sold various versions of the SpyEye virus and component parts on the Internet and allowed cybercriminals to customize their purchases to include tailor-made methods of obtaining victims’ personal and financial information". It was also alleged that Bendelladj advertised SpyEye on Internet forums devoted to cyber- and other crimes and operated Command and Control servers.[13] The charges in Georgia relate only to SpyEye, as a SpyEye botnet control server was based in Atlanta.
In late 2010, a number of Internet security vendors includingMcAfee andInternet Identity claimed that the creator of Zeus had said that he was retiring and had given thesource code and rights to sell Zeus to his biggest competitor, the creator of theSpyEye trojan. However, those same experts warned the retirement was a ruse and expect the developer to return with new tricks.[14][15]
