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Zaynulla Rasulev | |
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| Зәйнулла Рәсүлев Zəynulla Rəsül | |
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| Born | (1833-03-25)25 March 1833 Sharip, Bashkortostan, Russia |
| Died | 2 February 1917(1917-02-02) (aged 83) Troitsk, Russia |
| Other names | Zeynullah Resûlî (Turkish) |
| Occupation | Religious leader |
Zaynulla Rasulev (Zaynulla bin Khabibulla bin Rasūl;Bashkir:Зәйнулла Рәсүлев,Russian:Зайнулла́ Расу́лев, 25 March 1833 – 2 February 1917) was aBashkir religious leader in the 19th and early 20th century. Zaynulla is also embraced by the closely relatedTatars as part of their religious legacy.[1][2] Zaynulla is notable as one of the most important representatives ofJadidism and the organizer of one of the first Jadidimadrasah. Zaynulla belonged to theNaqshandi Sufi order.
Born in 1833 in the village of Sharip in Verkheuralsk province,Orenburg Governorate (these days in theUchalinsky District,Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia) to the family ofmullah of the local Islamic community. He received instruction in a madrasah in his home village, then in the madrasah inTroitsk. Upon instruction, he began a clerical career. Since 1858, he served as Imam andkhatib in the village of Yuldash (currently inUchalinsky District,Bashkortostan) .
While still in his student years, Zaynulla Rasulev (Zeynullah Resûlî in Turkish[3]) became interested inSufism. In 1859, he joined theSufi order ofNaqshbandi. He received individual instruction fromsheikhAhmed Ziyaüddin Gümüşhanevi inIstanbul in 1869–1870, from whom received theIjazah, or the authorization to teach Sufi Naqshbandi's doctrine. He then made ahajj. After returning to Bashkortostan, he introduced several innovations into the local Sufi practices: singingzikr aloud, the observance ofMawlid, (the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad), wearingprayer beads and more.
He endured persecution for preaching Sufism: the local conservativemullahs and the officials of mainstream Islam accused him of disseminating heresy and undermining activity aiming at the authorities in power. Upon their written denunciation, Zaynulla Rasulev got arrested and sent to exile. He served his exile successively inZlatoust (eight months),Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast (1873-1876) andKostroma (1876-1881).
In 1881, he returned from exile and resumed his activity as a religious leader in the village of Aqquzha in Bashkortostan. He did a second hajj. Since 1884, Rasulev took the post of theImam of the town mosque in Troitsk. He subsequently founded themadrasah ofRasuliya, one of the firstjadidi educational institution in theUrals. He had numerous disciples and followers, and became an influential Muslim leader in Russia.
Zaynulla Rasulev died on February 2, 1917. He is buried in the old Muslim cemetery inTroitsk.
Numerous legends are preserved in the Bashkir public memory about the miracles and healings performed by Zaynulla Rasulev.[4]
His son,Gabdurakhman Rasulev, also became a Bashkir religious leader.[5]
