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Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn

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Protestant hymn
"Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn"
Lutheran hymn
Print in theErfurt Enchiridion, 1524
EnglishLord Christ, the only Son of God
CatalogueZahn No. 4297a (tune)
TextbyElisabeth Cruciger
LanguageGerman
Published1524 (1524)

"Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn" (Lord Christ, the Only Son of God) is aLutheran hymn byElisabeth Cruciger.[a] Printed in 1524 in theErfurtEnchiridion, together with 18 hymns byMartin Luther, it is one of the oldest Lutheran hymns.[2] The text combines Lutheran teaching with medievalmysticism. It has been the basis of musical settings such as Bach's chorale cantataHerr Christ, der einge Gottessohn, BWV 96.

History

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Apart thatElisabeth Cruciger's authorship has been ascertained, little or nothing is known about the genesis of "Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn".[1] The notion that it was modelled after the Christmas hymn "Corde natus ex parentis" ("Of the Father's Heart Begotten"), repeated, for instance, in Bach-scholarship,[3] lost traction inhymnology.[4] The melody of Cruciger's hymn has some similarity with the tune of "Mein Freud möcht sich wohl mehren" ("My Joy Will Increase"), a secular love song known from theLochamer-Liederbuch (1455).[4]

"Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn" was first published in 1524, both in theErfurtEnchiridion and inJohann Walter's choral hymnalEyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn in Wittenberg.[4] In theEnchiridion, the hymn appeared with 25 others, 18 by Martin Luther, three byPaul Speratus, one or two byJustus Jonas, one byErhard Hegenwald, and one attributed toJan Hus, making this the only hymn in theEnchiridion by a female author.[5]

Titled "Eyn Lobsanck von Christo" (A song of praise of Christ) in the hymnalEnchiridion, the song is a praise of Jesus as the son of God and saviour of man. The hymn text combines Lutheran teaching with medievalmysticism which the author experienced as a nun before she converted.[6] Cruciger writes in the third stanza, for example: "so, daß wir hier mögen schmecken dein Süßigkeit im Herzen und dürsten stets nach dir" (that we may here taste your sweetness in our hearts and constantly thirst for you).[7] It was the first Protestant chorale to use mystical images, imitated in the Jesus mysticism of later generations.[2]Philipp Nicolai referenced the hymn in his own hymn "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern"; both authors use the title "Morgenstern" (morning star) for Jesus.[7]

"Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn" has been associated withEpiphany,[4] thefirst andsecond Sundays after Epiphany,[8]Annunciation,[9] the18th Sunday after Trinity,[10]Advent,[3] andChristmas.[11] The hymn has been included in over 30 hymnals.[11] It appears as No. 67 inEvangelisches Gesangbuch.[4] The hymn tune of "Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn" (Zahn No. 4297a)[12] was later also used for "Herr Gott, nun sei gepreiset", the content of which has no relation to that of Cruciger's hymn.[13] Other hymns sung to the same tune include "Wenn meine Sünd' mich kränken",[b] "Dich bitten wir deine Kinder", "O Vater aller Frommen" and "Gib zum Früchten der Erden".[12][14]

It was translated as early as 1567 as 'Christ is the onlie son of God' in the early Scots hymnbook,The Gude and Godlie Ballatis by the Wedderburn brothers of Dundee.

Musical settings

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Hans Leo Hassler composed a four-part setting in 1608, Johann Hermann Schein set the song for two sopranos and basso continuo in 1622, and for four voices and basso continuo in 1627.Samuel Scheidt wrote a four-part setting in Görlitz in 1650.[7]

Johann Sebastian Bach used the hymn as the base for hischorale cantataHerr Christ, der einge Gottessohn, BWV 96 (1724), and used single stanzas in other cantatas.[7] Bach composed an organ prelude,BWV 601, part of hisOrgelbüchlein.[2]

Georg Philipp Telemann composed twocantatas, both on a libretto byErdmann Neumeister, in 1722 and 1758.[2]

Several composers wrote organ preludes, includingDieterich Buxtehude,[2]Johann Hermann Schein andJan Pieter Sweelinck.

Notes

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  1. ^A variant attribution of the hymn toAndreas Knöpken [de] (e.g.p. 614 in Vopelius' 1682Neu Leipziger Gesangbuch) was considered entirely disproved by the end of the 19th century.[1]
  2. ^The English translation of "Wenn meine Sünd' mich kränken" is "When O'er My Sins I Sorrow," but this translation is sung to "Wenn meine Sünd" instead.

References

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  1. ^abCarl Bertheau [de] (1883). "Kreutziger, Elisabeth", pp. 148–149 inAllgemeine Deutsche Biographie (Vol. 17). Historical commission of theBavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
  2. ^abcdeBrowne & Oron 2008.
  3. ^abSchulze 2006.
  4. ^abcdeReich 2001, p. 48.
  5. ^Brodersen & Brodersen 2008.
  6. ^Reich 2001, p. 50.
  7. ^abcdBrowne & Oron 2009.
  8. ^Vopelius 1682, p. 1107.
  9. ^Vopelius 1682, p. 1109.
  10. ^Vopelius 1682, p. 1114.
  11. ^ab"Herr Christ, der einig Gottes Sohn, Vaters in ewigkeit".hymnary.org. Retrieved22 October 2017.
  12. ^abZahn 1890, p. 27.
  13. ^Terry 1921, pp. 182–185.
  14. ^Vopelius 1682, pp. 585,586 and602.

Sources

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External links

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