EINE andZWEI are two discontinuedEmacs-liketext editors developed byDaniel Weinreb and Mike McMahon forLisp machines in the 1970s and 1980s.

EINE was atext editor developed in the late 1970s.^[1] In terms of features, its goal was to "do what Stallman's PDP-10 (original) Emacs does".^[2] It was an early example of what would become many Emacs-like text editors. Unlike the originalTECO-based Emacs, but likeMultics Emacs, EINE was written in Lisp. It usedLisp Machine Lisp. Stallman later wroteGNU Emacs, which was written inC andEmacs Lisp and extensible in Emacs Lisp. EINE also made use of the window system of the Lisp machine and was the first Emacs to have a graphical user interface.

In the 1980s, EINE was developed into ZWEI. Innovations included programmability in Lisp Machine Lisp, and a new and more flexibledoubly linked list method of internallyrepresenting buffers.

ZWEI would eventually become the editor library used forSymbolics'Zmacs (Emacs-like editor), Zmail (mail client), and Converse (message client), which were integrated into theGenera operating system which Symbolics developed for their Lisp machines.

EINE is arecursive acronym for "EINE Is Not Emacs", coined in August 1977.^[3] It was a play on Ted Anderson's TINT, "TINT is not TECO".^[3] Anderson would later retort with "SINE is not EINE".^[4]

ZWEI follows this pattern as an acronym for "ZWEI Was Eine Initially".

With "zwei" being the German word for "two", "EINE" could be (re-)interpreted as being a reference to the German word for "one" (in the feminineadjectival form, as in "eine Implementierung", "one implementation").

• Weinreb, Daniel L. (January 1979).A Real-Time Display-oriented Editor for the LISP Machine (Undergraduate thesis).MIT EECS Department.
  • Edward Coffin (20 October 2018)."A synopsis of Dan Weinreb's undergrad thesis: A Real-Time Display-oriented Editor for the LISP Machine".Reddit.^{[unreliable source?]}
• Symbolics Genera 6.0 documentation,Book 3, Text Editing and ProcessingArchived 2016-03-04 at theWayback Machine, March 1985
• Symbolics Genera 7.0 documentation,Book 3, Text Editing and ProcessingArchived 2016-03-04 at theWayback Machine, July 1986
• MIT CADR Lisp Machine Source code

• Entry at theEmacs Wiki

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