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Yuncheng 运城市 | |
|---|---|
    Top to bottom, left to right:Haizhou Emperor Guan Temple,Yuncheng Salt Lake,Yuncheng Airport, Nanfeng Plaza | |
.png) Location of Yuncheng City jurisdiction in Shanxi | |
  Yuncheng Location of the city center in Shanxi Show map of Shanxi Yuncheng Yuncheng (Eastern China) Show map of Eastern China Yuncheng Yuncheng (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Yulin municipal government):35°01′36″N111°00′25″E / 35.0267°N 111.0070°E /35.0267; 111.0070 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| County-level divisions | 13 |
| Municipal seat | Yanhu District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • Communist Party Secretary | Wang Yuyan |
| • Mayor | Wang Qingxian (王清宪) |
| Area | |
| 14,183 km2 (5,476 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,205 km2 (465 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,205 km2 (465 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 370 m (1,210 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 4,774,508 | |
| • Density | 336.64/km2 (871.88/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 928,334 |
| • Urban density | 770.4/km2 (1,995/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 928,334 |
| • Metro density | 770.4/km2 (1,995/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 164.4 billion US$ 25.8 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 34,425 US$ 5,508 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 044000 |
| Area code | 0359 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SX-08 |
| License Plate | 晋M |
| Administrative division code | 140800 |
| Yuncheng | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 运城 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 運城 | ||||||||
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Yuncheng (simplified Chinese:运城;traditional Chinese:運城市) is the southernmostprefecture-level city inShanxiprovince, People's Republic of China. It bordersLinfen andJincheng municipalities to the north and east, andHenan (Luoyang andJiyuan to the east,Sanmenxia to the south) andShaanxi (Weinan) provinces to the east, south and west, respectively. As of the2020 census, its population was 4,774,508 inhabitants (5,134,779 in 2010), of whom 928,334 (680,036 in 2010) lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Yanhu District. One can note than Pinglu County, 205,080 inhabitants in the south, is now part ofSanmenxia built-up (or metro) area.
Yuncheng is a city that was born and prospered from salt. It is named after the "City of Salt Luck".[3] The city is historically associated with the Yuncheng Salt Lake (运城盐湖), one of the largest natural salt lakes in China, which has been exploited for thousands of years and provided a crucial economic foundation for the region. In ancient times, the salt from Yuncheng was an important source of revenue and even influenced regional trade routes, making the city a strategic economic center. Due to its geographical location, Yuncheng also serves as a gateway connecting Shanxi with Henan and Shaanxi, making it an important transportation and cultural hub in the Yellow River basin.
The city is served byYuncheng Yanhu International Airport, several national highways, and high-speed railway lines, which further strengthen its role as a regional transport node.
Yuncheng was called the "Salt Family" in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Han Dynasty, the salt city was named "Siyan City". Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty named Yuncheng Salt Lake "Shenghui Town" because it benefited the world. The city was built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and was named "Phoenix City" was later renamed "Yuncheng" because of the "City of Salt Luck".[3]
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Yuncheng is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. The legendary Chinese ancestors such asNüwa,Lei Zu,Chi You,Shun, andYu all were said to have lived here. It is even alleged that Yu established theXia Dynasty here. During theWarring States Period, theWei State established its capital here. This marked the beginning of dynastic history in China and laid the foundation for early state formation, making the region not only a political center but also a cultural hub influencing the Central Plains. Anyi, the capital of Wei, is located inXia County, Yuncheng today.[4]
Hedong Salt Pond is the earliest salt pond developed and utilized in the world, with a mining history of more than 4,600 years. As an important strategic resource, salt ponds were the common goal of various tribes in the Central Plains of China in ancient China. From the ancient legend of theYellow Emperor's battle with Chiyou, to the historical records ofKing Mu of Zhou,Emperor Cheng of Han,Emperor Zhang of Han,Emperor Taizong of Tang,Kangxi and other emperors visiting successively, the Hedong Salt Pond has been regarded as a "national treasure" by successive dynasties.[5] The salt pond not only supported the livelihoods of local people, but also served as a financial and military resource for dynasties.
In early China,[when?] it was the location of the state ofKunwu (昆吾). Yuncheng was the site of the Yuncheng Campaign (三打运城), battle between theKuomintang army and thePeople's Liberation Army during Chinese civil war.
Yuncheng currently has 6,205 immovable cultural relics, 102 national key cultural relics protection units, and 55 wooden buildings before theYuan Dynasty.[6]
In July 2022, archaeologists announced a discovery of a 2.8 cm long 5,200 years old stone carvingchrysalis in a semi-crypt house at the Shangguo Site in Wenxi County. Archaeologists made suppositions that this house may have belonged to theYangshao Culture period, based on the unearthed pottery pieces. According to archaeologist Tian Jianwen, the discovery of stone carving chrysalises provided significant information for the study of thesilkworm culture in China.[7][8]
Yuncheng is located between 34°35′-35°49′ north latitude.[9] There are 13 county-level administrative divisions under Yuncheng's jurisdiction, including 1 district, 10 counties and 2county-level cities. The Municipal executive, legislature andjudiciary are inYanhu District, together with theCPC andPublic Security Bureau.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |
| Yanhu District | 盐湖区 | Yánhú Qū | 680,036 | 1,237 | 501 | |
| Yongji City | 永济市 | Yǒngjì Shì | 444,724 | 1,221 | 352 | |
| Hejin City | 河津市 | Héjīn Shì | 395,527 | 593 | 607 | |
| Ruicheng County | 芮城县 | Ruìchéng Xiàn | 394,849 | 1,161 | 327 | |
| Linyi County | 临猗县 | Línyī Xiàn | 572,508 | 1,350 | 393 | |
| Wanrong County | 万荣县 | Wànróng Xiàn | 439,364 | 1,037 | 405 | |
| Xinjiang County | 新绛县 | Xīnjiàng Xiàn | 332,473 | 600 | 533 | |
| Xia County | 夏县 | Xià Xiàn | 352,821 | 1,328 | 264 | |
| Jishan County | 稷山县 | Jìshān Xiàn | 347,425 | 680 | 485 | |
| Wenxi County | 闻喜县 | Wénxǐ Xiàn | 404,150 | 1,160 | 328 | |
| Jiang County | 绛县 | Jiàng Xiàn | 281,643 | 968 | 279 | |
| Pinglu County | 平陆县 | Pínglù Xiàn | 258,241 | 1,151 | 217 | |
| Yuanqu County | 垣曲县 | Yuánqǔ Xiàn | 231,018 | 1,620 | 136 | |
Yuncheng has a continental,monsoon-influencedsemi-arid climate (KöppenBSk), with four distinct seasons.[10] Due to its southerly location and position to the north of theZhongtiao Mountains, allowing fordownsloping when winds are from the south, it is among the warmest locales in the province. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and humid. Monthly mean temperatures range from −0.6 °C (30.9 °F) in January to 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 14.23 °C (57.6 °F). Over 60% of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September.The average frost-free period across the city is between 188 and 238 days.[9] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 45% in March to 54% in May and July, the city receives 2,219 hours of bright sunshine annually, low by Shanxi standards andNorth China.
| Climate data for Yuncheng (Yanhu District), elevation 375 m (1,230 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) | 25.2 (77.4) | 29.6 (85.3) | 37.6 (99.7) | 40.2 (104.4) | 42.7 (108.9) | 41.4 (106.5) | 40.8 (105.4) | 40.0 (104.0) | 33.2 (91.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 17.5 (63.5) | 42.7 (108.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) | 10.0 (50.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 23.1 (73.6) | 28.1 (82.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 31.5 (88.7) | 26.7 (80.1) | 20.5 (68.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 6.6 (43.9) | 20.6 (69.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) | 3.7 (38.7) | 9.8 (49.6) | 16.4 (61.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 26.2 (79.2) | 27.8 (82.0) | 26.2 (79.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 14.6 (58.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 0.7 (33.3) | 14.5 (58.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.1 (22.8) | −1.3 (29.7) | 4.3 (39.7) | 10.2 (50.4) | 15.3 (59.5) | 20.3 (68.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 21.9 (71.4) | 16.7 (62.1) | 10.0 (50.0) | 2.5 (36.5) | −3.7 (25.3) | 9.5 (49.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −16.2 (2.8) | −10.8 (12.6) | −5.0 (23.0) | 2.9 (37.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 15.4 (59.7) | 12.3 (54.1) | 2.6 (36.7) | −4.9 (23.2) | −11.6 (11.1) | −16.0 (3.2) | −18.9 (−2.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 4.9 (0.19) | 8.1 (0.32) | 14.0 (0.55) | 37.4 (1.47) | 48.9 (1.93) | 54.9 (2.16) | 87.7 (3.45) | 81.9 (3.22) | 81.2 (3.20) | 51.9 (2.04) | 22.6 (0.89) | 3.6 (0.14) | 497.1 (19.56) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 4.9 | 2.2 | 72.6 |
| Average snowy days | 3.3 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 10.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 53 | 51 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 64 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 67 | 59 | 60 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 131.1 | 139.1 | 176.4 | 210.4 | 231.4 | 222.1 | 221.2 | 200.8 | 158.0 | 144.7 | 132.8 | 136.0 | 2,104 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 42 | 45 | 47 | 53 | 53 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 43 | 42 | 43 | 45 | 47 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[11][12][13] | |||||||||||||
Major cities along theYellow River | ||
|---|---|---|
| Province-level subdivisions | Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches) |  |
| Gansu | ||
| Ningxia | ||
| Inner Mongolia | ||
| Shanxi | ||
| Shaanxi | ||
| Henan | ||
| Shandong | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
