Yuki
Ukomno'm
Region	Eel River area
Ethnicity	Yuki people
Extinct	1983, with the death of Arthur Anderson[1]
Revival	21st century[2]
Language family	Yuki–Wappo Yuki
Dialects	Huchnom Round Valley Coast
Language codes
ISO 639-3	yuk (Yuki proper)
Linguist List	yuk Yuki proper
	qdw Coast Yuki
	qiq Huchnom
Glottolog	yuki1243
Yuki is classified as Extinct by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger [3]

Yuki, also known asUkomno'm, is anextinct language ofCalifornia, formerly spoken by theYuki people.^[4] The Yuki are the original inhabitants of theEel River area and theRound Valley Reservation of northern California. Yuki ceased to be used as an everyday language in the early 20th century and its last native speaker, Arthur Anderson, died in 1983.^[1] Yuki is generally thought to be distantly related to theWappo language.

Revitalization efforts are currently underway, and the language is taught at the grade-school level (alongsideWailaki) at theRound Valley Reservation.^[2]

Yuki consisted of three dialects, from east to west: Round Valley Yuki, Huchnom (Clear Lake Yuki) and Coast Yuki. These were at least partiallymutually intelligible, but are sometimes counted as distinct languages.^[5]

These languages are categorized as (Northern) Yukian within theYuki–Wappo family, which also includes the distant Wappo language. It is thought that the ancestor of the Yukian languages diverged from Wappo around 1500bce.^[6] The three Yukian languages diverged from each other over the last one thousand years, while dialectal variations in Wappo are even more recent. The most likely catalyst or, at least, influence on the separation of Yukian and Wappo was the expansion of thePomo, leading topomoization of the Wappo language and physical separation between the Yuki and the Wappo tribes.^[7]

An alveolar stop /t/ is an apico-alveolar stop articulated as [t̺].

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An extensive reference grammar of Yuki was published in 2016 and is based primarily on the texts and other notes recorded byAlfred L. Kroeber from Yuki speaker Ralph Moore in the first decade of the 20th century as well as elicited material recorded from other speakers later in the 20th century. This grammar also contains sketches of Huchnom and Coast Yuki based on the notes ofSydney Lamb andJohn Peabody Harrington, respectively.^[8]

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Yuki had anoctal (base-8) counting system, as the Yuki keep count by using the four spaces between their fingers rather than the fingers themselves.^[9] Yuki also had an extensive vocabulary for the plants ofMendocino County, California.^[10]

• "Native American Audio Collections: Yuki".American Philosophical Society. Archived fromthe original on 2013-05-05.
• Northern Yukian language overview at theSurvey of California and Other Indian Languages
• OLAC resources in and about the Yuki language

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