| Prime Minister of Yugoslavia | |
|---|---|
| Премијер Југославије Premijer Jugoslavije | |
 Standard of the Prime Minister (SFR Yugoslavia) | |
| Government of Yugoslavia | |
| Member of | Parliament of Yugoslavia |
| Reports to | King of Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) (1918–1945) President of Yugoslavia (1945–1971) Presidency of Yugoslavia (1971–1992) |
| Seat | Belgrade, Serbia |
| Nominator | King of Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) (1918–1945) Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) |
| Appointer | Parliament of Yugoslavia |
| Precursor | Prime Minister of Serbia President of theNational Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs |
| Formation | 1 December 1918; 106 years ago (1918-12-01) |
| First holder | Stojan Protić |
| Final holder | Ante Marković |
| Abolished | 14 July 1992; 33 years ago (1992-07-14) |
| Superseded by | Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina Prime Minister of Croatia Prime Minister of North Macedonia Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro Prime Minister of Slovenia |
| Deputy | Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia |
Theprime minister of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian:Премијер Југославије,Premijer Jugoslavije) was thehead of government of theYugoslav state, from thecreation of theKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until thebreakup of theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created by the unification of theKingdom of Serbia (Montenegro had united with Serbia five days previously, while the regions ofKosovo and Metohija,Baranya,Syrmia,Banat,Bačka andVardar Macedonia were parts of Serbia prior to the unification) and the provisionalState of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the formerAustria-Hungary) on 1 December 1918.
Until 6 January 1929, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was aparliamentary monarchy. On that day, KingAlexander I abolished theVidovdan Constitution (adopted in 1921), prorogued theNational Assembly and introduced a personal dictatorship (so-called6 January Dictatorship).[1] He renamed the country Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929, and although introduced the1931 Constitution, he continued to rule as ade factoabsolute monarch until his assassination on 9 October 1934, during a state visit toFrance. After his assassination, parliamentary monarchy was put back in place.
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was defeated and occupied on 17 April 1941 after theGerman invasion. The monarchy was formallyabolished and the republic proclaimed on 29 November 1945.
After the German invasion and fragmentation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, thePartisan resistance in occupied Yugoslavia formed a deliberative council, theAnti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 the AVNOJ proclaimed theDemocratic Federal Yugoslavia, and appointed theNational Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ), led by Prime MinisterJosip Broz Tito, as its government. Josip Broz Tito was quickly recognized by the Allies at theTehran Conference, and the royalist government-in-exile in London was pressured into agreeing on a merge with the NKOJ. In order to facilitate this,Ivan Šubašić was appointed by the King to head the London government.
For a period, Yugoslavia had two recognized prime ministers and governments (which both agreed to formally merge as soon as possible): Josip Broz Tito leading the NKOJ in occupied Yugoslavia, and Ivan Šubašić leading the King's government-in-exile in London. With theTito-Šubašić Agreement in 1944, the two prime ministers agreed that the new joint government would be led by Tito. After theliberation of Yugoslavia's capitalBelgrade in October 1944, the joint government was officially formed on 2 November 1944, with Josip Broz Tito as the prime minister.
After the war, elections were held ending in an overwhelming victory for Tito'sPeople's Front. The new parliament deposed King Peter II on 29 November 1945, and declared aFederal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (in 1963, the state was renamedSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The government was first headed by a prime minister up to 14 January 1953, when major decentralization reforms reorganized the government into theFederal Executive Council chaired by aPresident, who was still usually called "Prime Minister" in non-Yugoslav sources. Josip Broz Tito held the post from 1944 to 1963; from 1953 onward, he was alsoPresident of the Republic.
Five out of nine heads of government of Yugoslavia in this period were ofCroatian ethnicity. Three were fromCroatia itself (Josip Broz Tito,Mika Špiljak, andMilka Planinc), while two wereBosnian Croats (Branko Mikulić andAnte Marković). Ante Marković however, though a Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina by birth, was a politician of Croatia like Špiljak and Planinc, serving (at different times) as bothprime minister andpresident of the presidency of that federal unit.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Ethnicity | Term of office | Party | Election | Cabinet | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||||
| In theKingdom of Yugoslavia | ||||||||||
| N/A |  | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) | Serb | 1 December 1918 | 22 December 1918 | 21 days | People's Radical Party | – | Pašić XII | Acting prime minister, as the lastprime minister ofSerbia. |
| 1 |  | Stojan Protić Стојан Протић (1857–1923) | Serb | 22 December 1918 | 16 August 1919 | 237 days | People's Radical Party | – | Protić I | First Prime Minister of theKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (that will be renamed to "Yugoslavia"). |
| 2 |  | Ljubomir Davidović Љубомир Давидовић (1863–1940) | Serb | 16 August 1919 | 19 February 1920 | 187 days | Democratic Party | – | Davidović I | |
| (1) | | Stojan Protić Стојан Протић (1857–1923) | Serb | 19 February 1920 | 16 May 1920 | 87 days | People's Radical Party | – | Protić II | |
| 3 |  | Milenko Vesnić Миленко Веснић (1863–1921) | Serb | 16 May 1920 | 1 January 1921 | 230 days | People's Radical Party | 1920 | Vesnić | |
| 4 | | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) | Serb | 1 January 1921 | 28 July 1924 | 3 years, 209 days | People's Radical Party | 1923 | Pašić XIII–XIV–XV–XVI–XVII–XVIII–XIX | Second term. Vidovdan Constitution adopted on 28 June 1921. |
| (2) | | Ljubomir Davidović Љубомир Давидовић (1863–1940) | Serb | 28 July 1924 | 6 November 1924 | 101 days | Democratic Party | – | Davidović II | Second term |
| (4) | | Nikola Pašić Никола Пашић (1845–1926) | Serb | 6 November 1924 | 8 April 1926 | 1 year, 153 days | People's Radical Party | 1925 | Pašić XX–XXI–XXII | Third term |
| 5 |  | Nikola Uzunović Никола Узуновић (1873–1954) | Serb | 8 April 1926 | 17 April 1927 | 1 year, 9 days | People's Radical Party | – | Uzunović I–II | |
| 6 |  | Velimir Vukićević Велимир Вукићевић (1871–1930) | Serb | 17 April 1927 | 28 July 1928 | 1 year, 102 days | People's Radical Party | 1927 | Vukićević I–II | Resigned afterassassination attempt on opposition leaderStjepan Radić in the Parliament. |
| 7 |  | Anton Korošec Антон Корошец (1872–1940) | Slovene | 28 July 1928 | 7 January 1929[1] | 163 days | Slovene People's Party | – | Korošec | Dismissed when the6 January Dictatorship was proclaimed. |
| 8 |  | Petar Živković Петар Живковић (1879–1947) | Serb | 7 January 1929[1] | 4 April 1932 | 3 years, 88 days | Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy | 1931 | Živković | Prime Minister during the6 January Dictatorship. Sentenced to deathin absentia in 1946. |
| 9 |  | Vojislav Marinković Војислав Маринковић (1876–1935) | Serb | 4 April 1932 | 3 July 1932 | 90 days | Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy | – | Marinković | Previously a (founding) member of theDemocratic Party. |
| 10 |  | Milan Srškić Милан Сршкић (1880–1937) | Serb | 3 July 1932 | 27 January 1934 | 1 year, 208 days | Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy | – | Srškić I–II | |
| (5) | | Nikola Uzunović Никола Узуновић (1873–1954) | Serb | 27 January 1934 | 22 December 1934 | 329 days | Yugoslav National Party | – | Uzunović III | TheYugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy party was renamed into theYugoslav National Party. |
| 11 |  | Bogoljub Jevtić Богољуб Јевтић (1886–1960) | Serb | 22 December 1934 | 24 June 1935 | 184 days | Yugoslav National Party | 1935 | Jevtić | |
| Yugoslav Radical Union | ||||||||||
| 12 |  | Milan Stojadinović Милан Стојадиновић (1888–1961) | Serb | 24 June 1935 | 5 February 1939 | 3 years, 226 days | Yugoslav Radical Union | 1938 | Stojadinović I–II–III | |
| 13 | .jpg) | Dragiša Cvetković Драгиша Цветковић (1893–1969) | Serb | 5 February 1939 | 27 March 1941 | 2 years, 50 days | Yugoslav Radical Union | – | Cvetković I–II | Sentencedin absentia in 1945.[2] |
| In theYugoslav government-in-exile | ||||||||||
| 14 |  | Dušan Simović Душан Симовић (1882–1962) | Serb | 27 March 1941 | 11 January 1942 | 290 days | Independent | – | Simović | Chief of the General Staff of theRoyal Yugoslav Army. Took power by militarycoup d'état. He led government intoexile in London. |
| 15 | .jpg) | Slobodan Jovanović Слободан Јовановић (1869–1958) | Serb | 11 January 1942 | 26 June 1943 | 1 year, 166 days | Independent | – | Jovanović I-II | Headed government-in-exile. Found guilty of treasonin absentia in 1946. |
| 16 |  | Miloš Trifunović Милош Трифуновић (1871–1957) | Serb | 26 June 1943 | 10 August 1943 | 45 days | People's Radical Party | – | Trifunović | Headed government-in-exile |
| 17 |  | Božidar Purić Божидар Пурић (1891–1977) | Serb | 10 August 1943 | 8 July 1944 | 333 days | Independent | – | Purić | Headed government-in-exile |
| 18 |  | Ivan Šubašić Иван Шубашић (1892–1955) | Croat | 8 July 1944 | 7 March 1945 | 117 days | Croatian Peasant Party | – | Šubašić | Headed government-in-exile. Merged into coalition government on November 2, 1944, withJosip Broz Tito presiding.[3][4] |
| In theDemocratic Federal Yugoslavia/Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | ||||||||||
| 19 (1) |  | Josip Broz Tito Јосип Броз Тито (1892–1980) | Croat | 29 November 1943 | 29 June 1963 | 19 years, 212 days | Communist Party of Yugoslavia | 1945 1950 1953 1958 1963 | Tito I–II–III–IV–V–VI | Held post simultaneously (as head of theNKOJ) first withBožidar Purić, thenIvan Šubašić. Headed joint coalition government. |
| League of Communists of Yugoslavia | ||||||||||
| 20 (2) |  | Petar Stambolić Петар Стамболић (1912–2007) | Serb | 29 June 1963 | 16 May 1967 | 3 years, 321 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | – | Stambolić | |
| 21 (3) |  | Mika Špiljak Мика Шпиљак (1916–2007) | Croat | 16 May 1967 | 18 May 1969 | 2 years, 2 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | – | Špiljak | |
| 22 (4) |  | Mitja Ribičič Митја Рибичич (1919–2013) | Slovene | 18 May 1969 | 30 July 1971 | 2 years, 73 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 1969 | Ribičič | |
| 23 (5) | .jpg) | Džemal Bijedić Џемал Биједић (1917–1977) | Bosniak | 30 July 1971 | 18 January 1977 | 5 years, 172 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 1974 | Bijedić I-II | Killed in aplane crash.[5] |
| 24 (6) |  | Veselin Đuranović Веселин Ђурановић (1925–1997) | Montenegrin | 18 January 1977[6] | 16 May 1982 | 5 years, 118 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 1978 | Đuranović | |
| 25 (7) |  | Milka Planinc Милка Планинц (1924–2010) | Croat | 16 May 1982 | 15 May 1986 | 3 years, 364 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 1982 | Planinc | First female head of the government. |
| 26 (8) | .jpg) | Branko Mikulić Бранко Микулић (1928–1994) | Croat | 15 May 1986 | 16 March 1989 | 2 years, 305 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 1986 | Mikulić | Resigned on 30 December 1988, amid widespread protests. |
| 27 (9) | .jpg) | Ante Marković Анте Марковић (1924–2011) | Croat | 16 March 1989 | 20 December 1991 | 2 years, 279 days | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 1989 | Marković | Last prime minister of Yugoslavia. League of Communists was dissolved in 1990, Marković formedhis own party. |
| Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia | ||||||||||
| N/A |  | Aleksandar Mitrović Александар Митровић (1933–2012) | Serb | 20 December 1991 | 14 July 1992 | 207 days | Socialist Party of Serbia | – | Marković | Acting prime minister. Installed bySerbia andMontenegro. |
