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 Core Duo U2500 in BGA packaging | |
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2006 |
| Discontinued | 2008 |
| Marketed by | Intel |
| Designed by | Intel |
| Common manufacturer |
|
| CPUID code | 06Ex |
| Product code |
|
| Performance | |
| Max.CPUclock rate | 1.06 GHz to 2.33 GHz |
| FSB speeds | 533 MT/s to 667 MT/s |
| Cache | |
| L1cache | 32 KB instruction, 32 KB data per core |
| L2 cache | 2 MB, shared |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Application | Mobile |
| Technology node | 65 nm |
| Microarchitecture | P6 |
| Instruction set | x86-16,IA-32 |
| Extensions | |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| Packages |
|
| Socket | |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Brand names |
|
| History | |
| Predecessor | Dothan |
| Successor | Merom |
| Support status | |
| Unsupported | |
Yonah is the code name ofIntel's first generation65 nm process CPU cores, based on cores of the earlierBanias (130 nm) / Dothan (90 nm)Pentium M microarchitecture. Yonah CPU cores were used within Intel'sCore Solo andCore Duo mobile microprocessor products.SIMD performance on Yonah improved through the addition ofSSE3 instructions and improvements toSSE andSSE2 implementations; integer performance decreased slightly due to higherlatency cache. Additionally, Yonah included support for theNX bit.
TheIntel Core Duo brand referred to a low-power (less than 25 watts)dual-core microprocessor, which offered lower power operation than the competingAMDOpteron 260 and 860 HE at 55 watts. Core Duo was released on January 5, 2006, with the other components of theNapa platform. It was thefirst Intel processor to be used inApple Macintosh products (although the Apple Developer Transition Kit machines, non-production units distributed to some developers, usedPentium 4 processors).[1]
There were two variants and one derivative of the Yonah, which did not bear the "Intel Core" brand name:
| Brand (main article) | Model (list) | Cores | L2 cache | TDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Duo | T2xxx | 2 | 2 MB | 31 W |
| L2xxx | 15 W | |||
| U2xxx | 9 W | |||
| Core Solo | T1xxx | 1 | 2 MB | 27-31 W |
| U1xxx | 5.5-6 W | |||
| Pentium Dual-Core | T2xxx | 2 | 1 MB | 31 W |
| Celeron | M 215 | 1 | 512 KB | 27 W |
| M 4x0 | 1 MB | 27 W | ||
| M 4x3 | 5.5 W |
Core Duo contains 151 milliontransistors, including the shared 2 MBL2 cache. Yonah's execution core contains a 12-stagepipeline, forecast to eventually be able to run at a maximum frequency of 2.33–2.50 GHz. The communication between the L2 cache and both execution cores is handled by abus unit controller through arbitration, which reduces cache coherency traffic over theFSB, at the expense of raising the core-to-L2 latency from 10 clock cycles (in the Dothan Pentium M) to 14 clock cycles. The increase in clock frequency offsets the impact of the increased clock cycle latency. The power management components of the core features improved grained thermal control, as well as independent scaling of power between the two cores, resulting in very efficient management of power.
Core processors communicate with the system chipset over a 667 MT/sfront side bus (FSB), up from 533 MT/s used by the fastest Pentium M.T2050 & T2250 have also appeared in OEM systems as a low-cost option with a lower 533 MT/s FSB and noIntel VT-x.
Yonah is supported by the 945GM, 945PM, 945GT, 965GM, 965PM, and 965GTsystem chipsets. Core Duo and Core Solo useSocket M, but due to pin arrangement and new chipset functions, are not compatible with any previousPentium M motherboard.
Contrary to early reports, the Intel Core Duo supportsIntel VT-xx86 virtualization, except in the T2300E model and proprietary T2050/T2150/T2250 mounted by OEMs.[3][4] The Intel Pentium Dual-Core processors do not have this feature,[5] except for the T2060, T2080, and T2130 mobile CPUs. However some vendors (including HP) chose to disable this feature,[6][7] with others making it available through a BIOS option.[8]
The T2300E was later introduced as a replacement for the T2300, dropping support forIntel VT-x. Early Intel specifications mistakenly claimed a halving of theThermal Design Power.
Intel 64 (Intel'sx86-64 implementation) is not supported by Yonah. However, Intel 64 support is integrated in Yonah's successor,Core 2, code-namedMerom for mobile andConroe for desktop.
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The Duo version of Intel Core (Yonah) includes two computational cores, providing performance per watt almost as good as any previous single core Intel processors. In battery-operated devices such as notebook computers, this translates to getting as much total work done per battery charge as with older computers, although the same total work may be done faster. When parallel computations and multiprocessing are able to utilize both cores, the Intel Core Duo delivers much higher peak speed compared to the single-core chips previously available for mobile devices. However, Core (Yonah) did not make any further improvements to single threaded processing performance over Dothan beyond before-mentioned SSE unit enhancements, and it was still only a 32-bit architecture, which proved to be particularly limiting for its server-orientedSossaman derivative as x86-64 operating systems and software became increasingly prevalent.[citation needed]
According to Mobile Roadmaps from 2005, Intel's Yonah project originally focused more on reducing the power consumption of its P6-based Pentium M processor and aimed to reduce it by 50% for Intel Core (Yonah). Despite being less power efficient, Intel continued to market the NetBurst-based Mobile Pentium 4 processors for high performance applications until the Yonah project succeeded in extracting higher performance from its lower-power design. The Intel Core Duo's inclusion of two highly efficient cores on one chip can provide better performance than a Mobile Pentium 4 core, and with much better power-efficiency.
On July 27, 2006, Intel'sCore 2 processors were released, which offered x86-64 compatibility and eventually displaced Yonah in production.