Yingkou 营口市 Yingkow, Ingkow | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg)  .jpg)  .jpg) From top, left to right:Xishi District,Lengyan Temple [zh], Shanhai Plaza, Beach ofBayuquan, Red Mountain inGaizhou | |
.png) Location of Yingkou City jurisdiction in Liaoning | |
  Yingkou Location of the city centre in Liaoning | |
| Coordinates (Yingkou municipal government):40°37′30″N122°13′08″E / 40.625°N 122.219°E /40.625; 122.219 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Liaoning |
| Municipal seat | Xishi District |
| Districts and Counties | List
|
| Government | |
| • CPC Yingkou | Committee Secretary |
| • Mayor | Gao Jun |
| Area | |
| 5,502 km2 (2,124 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 712.1 km2 (274.9 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,913.2 km2 (738.7 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 2,328,582 | |
| • Density | 423.2/km2 (1,096/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,162,213 |
| • Urban density | 1,632/km2 (4,227/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,228,198 |
| • Metro density | 641.96/km2 (1,662.7/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 151.4 billion US$ 24.3 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 61,925 US$ 9,942 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 115000 |
| Area code | 410 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-LN-08 |
| Licence plates | 辽H |
| Administrative division code | 210800 |
| Website | www |
Yingkou (Chinese:营口;pinyin:Yíngkǒu) is a coastalprefecture-level city of central southernLiaoning province,People's Republic of China, on the northeastern shore ofLiaodong Bay. It is the third-smallest prefecture level city in Liaoning with a total area of 5,502 square kilometres (2,124 sq mi), and the ninth most populous with a population of 2,328,582 as of the 2020 census, of whom 1,228,198 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of threeurban districts (Zhanqian,Xishi andLaobian) and onecounty-level city (Dashiqiao). It borders thesub-provincial city ofDalian to the south, theprefectural cities ofAnshan to the north and east andPanjin to the northwest, and also sharesmaritime boundaries withJinzhou andHuludao across theLiaodong Bay to its west.
Located on the east bank of theDaliao Rivermouth, Yingkou is an importantport city, with thePort of Yingkou being the second-largestcontainer port in theBohai Sea (after thePort of Tianjin) andNortheast China (after thePort of Dalian), the tenth-largest nationwide, and the25th-busiest worldwide. Yingkou is classified as a Medium-Port Metropolis.[4]
Yingkou was historically known asNewchwang (Chinese:牛庄;pinyin:Niúzhuāng;Manchu: Ishangga gašan hoton) inpostal romanization; it was one of theTreaty Ports opened under theTreaties of Tianjin of 1858. In fact, the actual town of Newchwang was about thirty miles upstream ofLiao He, within today'scounty-level city ofHaicheng. After the treaty had been signed, the British found that the river near Newchwang was too shallow for their ships. Instead, the treaty port was moved to the area nearer to the river mouth where today's Yingkou is located.
To avoid confusion between the two locations, careful English writers of the early 20th century would sometimes useNewchwang for Yingkou (explaining that "Ying-kow, ... outside Manchuria, ... is known only as Newchwang") andNiu-chuang (the properWade–Giles transcription of '牛庄') for the actual inland Niuzhuang Town.[5] Meanwhile,Newchwangcheng (牛庄城;postal:Newchwang Town) was adopted by the government as the inland town's name to distinguish it from the coastal city.
Yingkou prefecture is subdivided into 4 districts and 2 cities:
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population(2010) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |
| City Proper | ||||||
| Zhanqian District | 站前区 | Zhànqián Qū | 310,634 | 36.35 | 8,545.64 | |
| Xishi District | 西市区 | Xīshì Qū | 164,873 | 314.91 | 523.56 | |
| Laobian District | 老边区 | Lǎobiān Qū | 125,454 | 217.54 | 576.69 | |
| Suburban | ||||||
| Bayuquan District | 鲅鱼圈区 | Bàyúquān Qū | 431,087 | 280.86 | 1534.88 | |
| Satellite cities (County-level cities) | ||||||
| Dashiqiao City | 大石桥市 | Dàshíqiáo Shì | 704,891 | 1,612.11 | 437.25 | |
| Gaizhou City | 盖州市 | Gàizhōu Shì | 691,595 | 2,953.92 | 234.13 | |
| Total | 2,428,534 | 5,415.68 | 448.43 | |||
| Yingkou | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yingkou is mostly located in the northwestern part of theLiaodong Peninsula, and on the left bank of themouth ofDaliao River, which was historically the maindistributary of the lowerLiao River and the principal exit offluvial transports from inland Liaoning into theBohai Sea.
The city's metro area is located 166 km (103 mi) south from the provincial capitalShenyang, 204 km (127 mi) north from Dalian, 84 kilometres (52 mi) southwest from Anshan, and 70 km (43 mi) southeast from Panjin. The city is located at latitude 39° 55'−40° 56' N and longitude 121° 56'−123° 02' E. At its greatest width, the city spans 111.8 km (69.5 mi) from north to south and 50.7 km (31.5 mi) from east to west. The total area of the city is 5,365 km2 (2,071 sq mi), occupying a mere 4.9% of the provincial area. The city has a total coastline of 96 km (60 mi).
Yingkou has a four-seasonhumid continental climate (KöppenDwa) with strongmonsoonal influences. Though the climate is somewhat tempered by the city's location on the Bohai Gulf, winters are long, windy, cold but dry, and summers are hot and humid. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −8.3 °C (17.1 °F) in January to 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.82 °C (49.7 °F). Precipitation is somewhat enhanced by the coastal location, with a majority of the annual rainfall occurring in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 51% in July to 68% in three months, the city receives 2,774 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Yingkou, elevation 4 m (13 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 28.5 (83.3) | 31.2 (88.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.7 (94.5) | 34.8 (94.6) | 31.6 (88.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 20.5 (68.9) | 12.0 (53.6) | 34.8 (94.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) | 0.9 (33.6) | 7.5 (45.5) | 15.8 (60.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 16.8 (62.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | −0.5 (31.1) | 14.5 (58.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) | −3.8 (25.2) | 2.9 (37.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 17.6 (63.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.7 (76.5) | 19.6 (67.3) | 11.9 (53.4) | 2.6 (36.7) | −5.1 (22.8) | 10.1 (50.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.1 (10.2) | −8.2 (17.2) | −1.3 (29.7) | 6.7 (44.1) | 13.5 (56.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.4 (72.3) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.3 (59.5) | 7.3 (45.1) | −1.5 (29.3) | −9.1 (15.6) | 6.1 (43.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.4 (−19.1) | −22.9 (−9.2) | −17.1 (1.2) | −4.3 (24.3) | 2.2 (36.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 15.6 (60.1) | 12.1 (53.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | −4.4 (24.1) | −16.1 (3.0) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −28.4 (−19.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 4.3 (0.17) | 6.5 (0.26) | 11.8 (0.46) | 32.3 (1.27) | 53.2 (2.09) | 69.3 (2.73) | 151.3 (5.96) | 163.1 (6.42) | 49.7 (1.96) | 41.6 (1.64) | 23.8 (0.94) | 8.2 (0.32) | 615.1 (24.22) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 7.5 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 70.6 |
| Average snowy days | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 17.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 62 | 58 | 56 | 56 | 61 | 71 | 78 | 79 | 71 | 66 | 63 | 63 | 65 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 194.5 | 196.8 | 240.8 | 249.2 | 277.8 | 244.8 | 217.6 | 229.0 | 237.3 | 219.3 | 179.4 | 175.9 | 2,662.4 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 65 | 65 | 65 | 62 | 62 | 54 | 48 | 54 | 64 | 64 | 61 | 61 | 60 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8] | |||||||||||||
Yingkou is served by theYingkou Lanqi Airport.
The city is home to thebasketball clubLiaoning Flying Leopards of theChinese Basketball Association. The club brought forth several players ofChina's national basketball team. It plays its home games at theBenxi Gymnasium.
Jacksonville, Florida, United States — twinned since 1990.
Tver, Russia — twinned since 1994.[10]
Yingkou Port signed a Sister Port agreement with the Hamilton Port Authority ofHamilton, Ontario, Canada in November 2005.[11]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Bohai Economic Rim Region | ||
|---|---|---|
List of major cities and ports in theBER region | ||
| Municipalities |  | |
| Hebei Province | ||
| Liaoning Province | ||
| Shandong Province | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
